(1) In all specimens, medial and lateral distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint were observed and were located between the axial surface of os metacarpale II (MC2) and os metacarpale IV (MC4) and the abaxial surface of the suspensory ligament.
(2) The stallion spermatozoon has many features in common with that of other mammals but differs specifically in that it has an asymmetric head, an abaxial position of the tail and an acrosome of small volume.
(3) Moreover, like (+)-cis-abscisic acid itself, the brain factor inhibits stomatal apertures of abaxial epidermis strips of Setcreasea purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae).
(4) Histochemical analysis revealed expression in the outermost layer of cells of the cortex, in the tuber phellogen, in or around the root vascular system, and also in the abaxial phloem layer of the vascular bundle in leaves.
(5) Additional capillaries were also given off by the arterioles, forming an abaxially arranged capillary plexus.
(6) Palmar digital nerve blocks frequently improved or alleviated lameness, although in some horses palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerve blocks were required to eliminate lameness.
(7) Short abaxial branches of the axial interconnecting arteries gave rise to tufts of predominantly, proximodistally orientated, capillaries arranged abaxially in rows.
(8) Ipsilateral and contralateral triangulation were used to remove abaxial fragments; apical fragments were removed by ipsilateral triangulation.
(9) Two horses had fractures of bones within the foot but lameness was not improved by palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerve blocks.
(10) Five horses with apical and abaxial fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones were treated arthroscopically.
(11) In beef animals, typical changes suggestive of chronic laminitis were seen: these included hyperplasia of the epidermis of the laminae, thrombus formation, arteriosclerosis in the corium of the sole, the abaxial wall and the coronary corium.
(12) Injection into the distal carpal joints can occur when deep injections are made into the proximal palmar aspect of the metacarpus because of the distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint between the axial surfaces of the second and fourth metacarpal bones and the abaxial surface of the suspensory ligament.
(13) Radiographic findings in the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bones were classified into 3 types according to the severity of lesions, and correlation was made with clinical findings at time of examination.
Abaxile
Definition:
(a.) Away from the axis or central line; eccentric.