(v. t.) To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks.
(v. t.) Same as Abraid.
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition, the bag does not abrade or desiccate the bowel, potentially reducing serosal injury and adhesion formation.
(2) Finely diffused and abraded amalgam must not be ignored as a source of absorbable mercury.
(3) In some cases the deposits appear to be caused by pulsing the electrode with current, while in other cases the deposits are corroded or abraded from the electrode or are otherwise not associated with the neuroprosthetic functioning of the implant.
(4) Less than 10 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious doses) of virus was required to produce large lesions (greater than 5 mm diameter) which developed during a period of 10 to 14 d prior to onset of healing which was complete by 28 to 30 d. A serum neutralising antibody response was also detected and protection against challenge by application of virulent virus to abraded skin was demonstrated in that challenge lesions developed and healed more quickly (14 d against 30 d).
(5) Two simple mechanized procedures have been developed for gently abrading the plant surface in order to efficiently extract glandular enzymes in high purity.
(6) Narrowing of the previously abraded coronary arteries was similar for the diltiazem-treated (median 7.1%, ranges 2.6-29.0%) and the control group (median 10.0%, ranges 2.3-24.1%).
(7) It was formed by electrolytic etching directly after the bonding surface of metal retainer was abraded, preparation of the axial grooves in the edentulous proximal surfaces of abutments, drying with compressed air and drying agent after enamel was acid etched and washed, bonding area was about 49 mm2 in each retainer and without using opaque agent between bonding agent and resin.
(8) Histological examination showed that the diamond fraise left a smooth abraded surface and the wire brush left an uneven surface.
(9) Abraded grooves have been observed on the anterior teeth of all the adults in a small population of prehistoric California Indians.
(10) The difference in infection frequency between quarters with smooth IMD and quarters with abraded IMD was significant (P less than 0.05).
(11) PSL showed no irritancy to both the intact and abraded guinea pig skin at 50% concentration.
(12) Several weeks later, allograft epidermis was abraded and replaced with the keratinocyte cultures.
(13) We used the balloon catheter technique to abrade a defined portion of the lining of the aorta in rats.
(14) Among models in infected quarters, percentage of lumen was lowest and stroma highest in quarters fitted with abraded devices.
(15) These abraded surfaces were compared with SEM micrographs of in-vivo composites surface after 4 years of service.
(16) Microscopically, silicone particles in synovium and lymph node were identical to particles abraded from a new prosthesis.
(17) Sixteen cured samples of each were initially finished with 600-grit paper and then abraded by medium-grit wheels for 30,000 cycles.
(18) High-speed rotational atherectomy uses a diamond-coated, elliptical burr to abrade occlusive atherosclerosis, especially noncompliant calcified plaque.
(19) An air-powder abrasive device abrades cementum rapidly and should be used carefully below cementoenamel junction.
(20) The prominences made of sealants, in particular, were abraded rapidly, one-fifth of retention being left after 3000 removals.
Scratch
Definition:
(v. t.) To rub and tear or mark the surface of with something sharp or ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly by drawing something pointed or rough across, as the claws, the nails, a pin, or the like.
(v. t.) To write or draw hastily or awkwardly.
(v. t.) To cancel by drawing one or more lines through, as the name of a candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a list; hence, to erase; to efface; -- often with out.
(v. t.) To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some animals scratch holes, in which they burrow.
(v. i.) To use the claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to make scratches.
(v. i.) To score, not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of the game.
(n.) A break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or by rubbing with anything pointed or rough; a slight wound, mark, furrow, or incision.
(n.) A line across the prize ring; up to which boxers are brought when they join fight; hence, test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to bring to the scratch; to come up to the scratch.
(n.) Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or muddy.
(n.) A kind of wig covering only a portion of the head.
(n.) A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.
(a.) Made, done, or happening by chance; arranged with little or no preparation; determined by circumstances; haphazard; as, a scratch team; a scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot in billiards.
Example Sentences:
(1) To test the hypothesis that EAA agonists are involved in transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal cord, we tested the effect of various opioid, sigma and phencyclidine compounds on the action of NMDA in the tail-flick, hot-plate and biting and scratching nociceptive tests.
(2) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(3) In an interview with the Guardian, James Hansen, the world's pre-eminent climate scientist, said any agreement likely to emerge from the negotiations would be so deeply flawed that it would be better to start again from scratch.
(4) The satisfaction derived from smoking depends not only on the pharmacological effects of nicotine but also the sensory stimulation from smoke inhalation, particularly the tracheal 'scratch'.
(5) The pathogenesis of the prolific mite population is unclear, but either a specific immunologic deficit or the inability to effectively eliminate the mites by scratching is a plausible possibility.
(6) Forty-three percent of dog bites, and 52% of cat bites-scratches were provoked, that is, happened while the victim was interacting with the animal.
(7) If the NHS was being created from scratch, primary and community care would be treated as one service.
(8) The timing of knee extensor activity within the hip cycle is different for each form of the scratch (Robertson et al., 1985); thus, the sign of the reset cannot be predicted from the timing of the stimulus relative to the knee extensor cycle.
(9) We report a patient with cat scratch disease who presented with multiple scattered nodular lesions on the legs.
(10) Application of APV to a midbody segment also reduced the magnitude of temporal summation in the scratch circuit in response to electrical stimuli delivered to the shell at 4- to 5-s intervals.
(11) Windshields, spectacles, contact lenses, lashes, an excessive tear meniscus, intraocular lens scratches, and posterior capsular opacification are possible causes that can be easily identified and treated.
(12) Ventral UVA pre-exposure did not appear to affect dorsal skin irritation as expressed by scratch marks.
(13) A rare vascular proliferation found as a skin lesion in patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sometimes referred to as epithelioid angiomatosis is believed to be a manifestation of infection by the cat scratch bacillus or a related organism.
(14) We have made Afghanistan stronger by building up from scratch strong security forces.
(15) Immunoperoxidase staining with an antiserum raised against the cat-scratch disease bacillus stained these organisms in all patients.
(16) licking, scratching, grooming, head and limb movements), a reaction termed immobility.
(17) These data suggest that hindlimb scratching induced by 5-HT agonists may not be centrally mediated but rather may be mediated by a neuronal 5-HT1A receptor localized outside the blood-brain barrier.
(18) In contrast, after weaning they showed a significant increment in the duration of face-washing, head-washing, fur licking and body-scratching.
(19) A strong correlation was found between reduction in scratching and improvement in skin status.
(20) But screens already demonstrated by GT can withstand scratches from concrete.