(n.) The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also total abstinence.
(n.) The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Example Sentences:
(1) The clinical usefulness of neonatal narcotic abstinence scales is reviewed, with special reference to their application in treatment.
(2) Within a treatment program, the use of various kinds of assessment methods and treatment modalities did not appear to be closely associated with the endorsement of abstinence vs nonabstinence treatment goals.
(3) In 227 smokers' clinic clients who managed at least one week of abstinence, ratings of withdrawal symptoms were used to predict subsequent return to smoking.
(4) Focus in this discussion is on the following: 1) female sterilization -- laparotomy, minilaparotomy, and colpotomy; endoscopic sterilization techniques; transcervical approaches to female sterilization; systemic nonsurgical female sterilization; and reversible techniques of female sterilization; 2) abortion -- pregnancy testing, long-term effects; and 3) systemic contraceptives -- steroidal contraception; locally active methods; vaginal foams, creams, and jellies; the diaphragm and other intravaginal barriers; IUDs; and periodic abstine nce.
(5) The convulsive episodes had several maxima during the abstinence period.
(6) The urinary HOP ratio immediately after abstinence from smoking was proportional to the mean daily number of cigarettes smoked in the past.
(7) Nine completed a 7-week trial, and eight maintained abstinence for at least 1 month as outpatients.
(8) All of these involve detection of the time of ovulation combined with abstinence during the fertile period of the cycle.
(9) In the light of these findings, our results suggest that the mechanism of aminoglycoside-induced inhibition of morphine abstinence may be related to the capacity of these antibiotics to block N-type calcium channels, and to decrease neuronal calcium availability.
(10) Infants prenatally exposed to narcotics become passively addicted in-utero and may undergo neonatal abstinence at birth.
(11) Each of 12 male habitual smokers with coronary artery disease was given dipyridamole (75 mg) and aspirin (324 mg), dipyridamole (75 mg) and placebo for aspirin, or a placebo for each drug 3 times daily for 1 week before each of three 20-minute periods (separated by 2 weeks) of smoking 2 cigarettes after a 12-hour period of abstinence.
(12) Orthostatic hypotension may also be observed in alcoholics during continuing abstinence from alcohol; in some of these patients failure of reflex noradrenaline release in response to standing may contribute to orthostatic hypotension.
(13) Naloxone, naltrexone, and cyclazocine precipitated abstinence syndrome which the animals generally controlled with increased morphine intake.
(14) From the viewpoint of behavioral biology, however, the method of periodic abstinence is not obviously natural.
(15) Abstinence phenomena largely disappeared within 10 days of discontinuation.
(16) The HDL2 mass concentration decreased significantly already during two abstinent days the decline continuing until the 8th day.
(17) The pharmacodynamic changes induced by smoking were generally most pronounced after the first cigarette following 10 hours' abstinence.
(18) Former users of alcohol, cigarettes, or illegal drugs achieved remarkable abstinence records.
(19) The WBC count showed only a small increase with longer abstinence periods.
(20) Alterations in ERP components, when they did occur, occurred under the acute influence of ethanol, as well as in abstinent chronic alcoholics.
Asexual
Definition:
(a.) Having no distinct sex; without sexual action; as, asexual reproduction. See Fission and Gemmation.
Example Sentences:
(1) We hypothesize that a dynamic complex of sexual and clonal fishes appear to participate in a feedback process that maintains genetic diversity in both the sexual and asexual components.
(2) Changes in the fitness of harmful mutations may therefore impose a greater long-term disadvantage on asexual populations than those which are sexual.
(3) Secondary echinococcosis generates by asexual regressive metamorphosis of larval element intro larval forms.
(4) However, differences between the two groups were statistically significant only for P. falciparum asexual forms.
(5) The intermediate cells divide asexually by endodyogeny giving rise, on the one hand, to another population of intermediate cells, and on the other--to merozoites which divide no longer.
(6) A concentration of 3 x 10(-9) M halofantrine was lethal to both asexual parasites and gametocytes.
(7) Light is necessary for asexual sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans but will elicit conidiation only if irradiation occurs during a critical period of development.
(8) In the other 17 cases followed up to day 21, six were found again with asexual parasites between day 9 and day 14 and a seventh on day 21.
(9) Improved methods were developed for the determination of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and protein-glutathione disulfide (PSSG) and applied to determine the glutathione status at various stages of the asexual life cycle for the band strain of Neurospora crassa.
(10) A large variety of fungi are known to produce asexual spores known as arthroconidia.
(11) The selection equations for sexual and asexual reproduction of genotypes corresponding to mixed strategies are analysed.
(12) These results are consistent with genetic data suggesting that stuA gene function is required from the very earliest events of asexual reproduction until completion of conidiophore development, but is not specifically required for differentiation of conidia.
(13) Protoplasts were prepared from asexual spores that harbor one or two mutations in the structural gene for tryptophan synthetase.
(14) They also occurred in the immunocytic systems after the first and during the second asexual multiplication and during the relatively late cystic phase of the parasite in the brain.
(15) Five days after therapy with 600 mg chloroquine base, the asexual parasitemia in the American increased 40-fold, but cleared after treatment with 1,500 mg chloroquine base.
(16) We have tested the effect of 2DG on Candida albicans to see if it could be used to obtain GalK- mutants in this diploid asexual yeast.
(17) (owl monkey) is one of the WHO recommended experimental models for Plasmodium falciparum blood stage infection, especially relevant for vaccination studies with asexual blood stage antigens of this parasite.
(18) Cyclic parthenogens have made the transition to obligate asexuality with high frequency, but there is little evidence to support the argument (Williams, 1975) that such shifts result from the relaxation of the short-term selection pressures supposedly necessary to sustain the sexual phase of the life cycle.
(19) Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium spend much of their asexual life cycle inside the erythrocytes of their vertebrate hosts.
(20) We established and analyzed human T lymphocyte clones induced by crude Plasmodium falciparum antigens of schizont-enriched asexual blood stages.