(n.) The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also total abstinence.
(n.) The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Example Sentences:
(1) The clinical usefulness of neonatal narcotic abstinence scales is reviewed, with special reference to their application in treatment.
(2) Within a treatment program, the use of various kinds of assessment methods and treatment modalities did not appear to be closely associated with the endorsement of abstinence vs nonabstinence treatment goals.
(3) In 227 smokers' clinic clients who managed at least one week of abstinence, ratings of withdrawal symptoms were used to predict subsequent return to smoking.
(4) Focus in this discussion is on the following: 1) female sterilization -- laparotomy, minilaparotomy, and colpotomy; endoscopic sterilization techniques; transcervical approaches to female sterilization; systemic nonsurgical female sterilization; and reversible techniques of female sterilization; 2) abortion -- pregnancy testing, long-term effects; and 3) systemic contraceptives -- steroidal contraception; locally active methods; vaginal foams, creams, and jellies; the diaphragm and other intravaginal barriers; IUDs; and periodic abstine nce.
(5) The convulsive episodes had several maxima during the abstinence period.
(6) The urinary HOP ratio immediately after abstinence from smoking was proportional to the mean daily number of cigarettes smoked in the past.
(7) Nine completed a 7-week trial, and eight maintained abstinence for at least 1 month as outpatients.
(8) All of these involve detection of the time of ovulation combined with abstinence during the fertile period of the cycle.
(9) In the light of these findings, our results suggest that the mechanism of aminoglycoside-induced inhibition of morphine abstinence may be related to the capacity of these antibiotics to block N-type calcium channels, and to decrease neuronal calcium availability.
(10) Infants prenatally exposed to narcotics become passively addicted in-utero and may undergo neonatal abstinence at birth.
(11) Each of 12 male habitual smokers with coronary artery disease was given dipyridamole (75 mg) and aspirin (324 mg), dipyridamole (75 mg) and placebo for aspirin, or a placebo for each drug 3 times daily for 1 week before each of three 20-minute periods (separated by 2 weeks) of smoking 2 cigarettes after a 12-hour period of abstinence.
(12) Orthostatic hypotension may also be observed in alcoholics during continuing abstinence from alcohol; in some of these patients failure of reflex noradrenaline release in response to standing may contribute to orthostatic hypotension.
(13) Naloxone, naltrexone, and cyclazocine precipitated abstinence syndrome which the animals generally controlled with increased morphine intake.
(14) From the viewpoint of behavioral biology, however, the method of periodic abstinence is not obviously natural.
(15) Abstinence phenomena largely disappeared within 10 days of discontinuation.
(16) The HDL2 mass concentration decreased significantly already during two abstinent days the decline continuing until the 8th day.
(17) The pharmacodynamic changes induced by smoking were generally most pronounced after the first cigarette following 10 hours' abstinence.
(18) Former users of alcohol, cigarettes, or illegal drugs achieved remarkable abstinence records.
(19) The WBC count showed only a small increase with longer abstinence periods.
(20) Alterations in ERP components, when they did occur, occurred under the acute influence of ethanol, as well as in abstinent chronic alcoholics.
Observance
Definition:
(n.) The act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; a heeding or keeping with care; performance; -- usually with a sense of strictness and fidelity; as, the observance of the Sabbath is general; the strict observance of duties.
(n.) An act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect; especially, a customary act or service of attention; a form; a practice; a rite; a custom.
(n.) Servile attention; sycophancy.
Example Sentences:
(1) The patterns observed were: clusters of granules related to the cell membrane; positive staining localized to portions of the cell membrane, and, less commonly, the whole cell circumference.
(2) However, this deficit was observed only when the sample-place preceded but not when it followed the interpolated visits (second experiment).
(3) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(4) The combined immediate and delayed responses to fleas in the dog are as observed by other investigators in man and guinea pigs.
(5) However, when cross-linked to anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies a markedly enhanced proliferation of the corresponding subpopulation is observed.
(6) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(7) Stimulation is also observed with mixtures of APC expressing DPw3 and APC expressing A1, and likewise, DPw3+ APC become stimulatory when preincubated with supernatants from A1-positive cells.
(8) For this reason, these observations should not be disregarded.
(9) No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.
(10) The testing of other models and their failure to describe the kinetic observations are discussed.
(11) The extrusion of granules into the intercellular space via exocytosis is frequently observed.
(12) The time of observation varied between 2 and 17 years.
(13) Insensitive variants die more slowly than wild type cells, with 10-20% cell death observed within 24 h after addition of dexamethasone.
(14) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(15) No reaction product was observed in the lamellar areas.
(16) Cyanoacrylate and PDS coatings were not detectable after 6 weeks while PHBA and PLLA coatings were still observed after 48 weeks.
(17) A total of 13 ascertainments of folate sensitive autosomal fragile sites is observed, of which 10q23 fragility appears to be the most frequent.
(18) This new observation offers good possibilities to study the metabolism of tryptophan at the cellular level.
(19) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(20) The fluctuations in [Ca2+]i measured with fura-2 were synchronized among the population of cells observed and were sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o).