(1) The most common mutant phenotype was acapsular (K-), with no K-antigen synthesized.
(2) Using both an encapsulated virulent strain and an acapsular avirulent mutant, we have demonstrated the reduced ability of the encapsulated strain to stimulate specific T-cell responses in vitro.
(3) The acapsular phenotype of the mutant was corrected in vivo by exogenous addition of sialic acid.
(4) All host strains are heavily encapsulated test strains for E. coli K antigens of the thermostable A type and they readily segregate acapsular mutants.
(5) These marker exchange experiments resulted in the isolation of two distinct classes of acapsular transductants, designated WF61 and WF62.
(6) Acapsular mutant Cryptococcus neoformans cap 67 was grown in Pine's citrate broth medium for 3 days and the cells then transferred to a nitrogen-free medium for 6 days.
(7) Acapsular (Cap-) mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans var.
(8) A virulent, encapsulated strain of Pasteurella multocida was compared with a spontaneously arising, avirulent acapsular variant following injection into the bloodstream of 14-week-old turkeys.
(9) For the acapsular strain, complete growth inhibition was observed regardless of the choice of culture surface, opsonins, or cytokines.
(10) Two translucent, acapsular mutants, which did not show phase variation, were constructed by using the transposon Tn5 IS50L::phoA (TnphoA).
(11) Separation of lipopolysaccharide fractions using gel chromatography in the presence of detergent showed that the low molecular weight K-antigenic fraction comigrated with a lipopolysaccharide lipid A core fraction present in encapsulated E. coli K30 bacteria but absent in acapsular mutants.
(12) Inasmuch as different receptors appear involved in phagocytosis of encapsulated versus acapsular C. neoformans, the disparity in killing may result from the greater ability of receptors mediating uptake of encapsulated organisms to trigger the antimicrobial armamentarium of the BAM.
(13) In contrast, unstimulated PBMC and the adherent fraction of stimulated PBMC killed an isogenic acapsular strain of C. neoformans.
(14) PHS stimulated and HI-PHS had no effect on binding of acapsular C. neoformans and zymosan particles to bronchoalveolar macrophages.
(15) P1059-1A, with an LD50 of approximately 10(8) CFU, is an acapsular variant of P1059-1 that spontaneously arose after prolonged passage on artificial medium.
(16) Binding of the acapsular, but not the encapsulated, strain led to phagocytosis.
(17) Stimulation of murine resident peritoneal cells (RPCs) by encapsulated strain 52 and acapsular strain 602 of Cryptococcus neoformans was compared.
(18) In contrast, acapsular organisms were killed by unactivated RPCs, with enhanced killing seen if the cells were activated with IFN-gamma.
(19) Purified cell walls derived from Cryptococcus neofromans Cap 67, an acapsular mutant, consisted of 86% Glc and 7.3% GlcNAc.
(20) In contrast, the burst was stimulated by acapsular strain 602, with or without opsonization.
Capsule
Definition:
(n.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
(n.) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier.
(n.) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.
(n.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.
(n.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike organ.
(n.) A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle.
(n.) A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) When the posterior capsule was sectioned, no significant changes were noted in the severity of the sag or the rotation.
(2) The supravesical portion showed a cystic appearance with a capsule in the space of Retzius.
(3) Compliance during dehydration was 7.6 and 12.5% change in IFV per millimeter Hg fall in IFP (micropipettes) in skin and muscle, respectively, whereas compliance in subcutis based on perforated capsule pressure was 2.0% change in IFV per millimeter Hg.
(4) Initiation of the alternative pathway by the cryptococcal capsule is characterized by a lag in C3 accumulation and the appearance of a limited number of focal initiation sites which resemble those observed when the alternative pathway is activated by zymosan and nonencapsulated cryptococci.
(5) In the univariate life-table analysis, recurrence-free survival was significantly related to age, pTNM category, tumour size, presence of certain growth patterns, tumour necrosis, tumour infiltration in surrounding thyroid tissue and thyroid gland capsule, lymph node metastases, presence of extra-nodal tumour growth and number of positive lymph nodes, whereas only tumour diameter, thyroid gland capsular infiltration and presence of extra-nodal tumour growth remained as significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.
(6) The reduction is believed due to the currently used pre-prepared disposable or reusable capsules containing the amalgam versus formerly mixing the ingredients manually.
(7) Interfering macromolecular serum components were left outside the capsule during the centrifugation or forced dialysis.
(8) In ten patients, 11 infarcts involving mainly the internal capsule have been examined pathologically.
(9) However, the walker 256 intramuscular tumor did not respond to ARA-C capsules implanted, and the animals died at the same rate as the controls, with large ulcerated tumor masses and some metastasis.
(10) Morphological results demonstrated that 30 Gy irradiated animals showed extensive necrosis primarily in the fimbria, which extended into the internal capsule, optic nerve, hippocampus, and thalamus.
(11) In the capsule of the fibrocartilage cells, parallel orientated filaments exhibit a periodical arrangement.
(12) The pinocytotic vesicles were also encountered in the capsular smooth muscle cells in the capillary endothelial cells which were located between the secretory epithelial cells and the acinar capsule.
(13) A pathogenetic mechanism is postulated to explain the subacute evolution of fluid collection with diffusion of proteolytic enzymes between the splenic capsule and parenchyma.
(14) Postprandially, the capsule remained in the stomach for the duration of the 6-hour observation period.
(15) By using one of the preparations tested (Panzytrat 20,000), it was possible to reduce the number of capsules that had to be taken daily.
(16) Two types of mechanoreceptor have been found in the articular capsule of the knee joint of the domestic cat--Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles.
(17) The author maintains that the osteoma of the brachial muscle as well as post-traumatic periarticular calcifications, occur in the muscle mass or in the tendon that prolongs it, or in the articular capsule, as a result of surgical treament and post-operative immobilization, and only exceptionally following orthopaedic treatment of traumatic lesions.
(18) Histologically, 3-week explants showed only small areas of neointima with myofibroblasts and endothelial cells; the outer capsules were infiltrated by lipid-laden macrophages.
(19) Both organisms have previously been found to be sequestered in the posterior lens capsule by histological and microbiological examination of excised capsular specimens.
(20) Capsule breaks had no significant risk factors at the 0.01 level.