(1) Since 1963, 11 cases have been reported in which both the acardiac twin and the "normal" co-twin were studied cytogenetically.
(2) The use of Doppler blood flow analysis to determine direction of blood flow, post-mortem placental and fetal angiography, and umbilical cord blood gas determination provided proof that retrograde arterial perfusion occurs in the acardiac fetus.
(3) The vascular system of the acardiac fetuses was simplified, providing only inflow and outflow pathways through common iliac vessels and vitelline vessels.
(4) Data are presented supporting the concept that the placental vascular anastomoses are the primary agents in the formation of an acardiac.
(5) In the acardiac, acephalic twin malformation the normal co-twin is put at risk because of the extra cardiac work-load.
(6) However, the occurrence of hydramnios, the occurrence of preterm labor, and perinatal outcome were strongly related to the ratio of the acardiac and pump-twin's weight.
(7) The acardiac anomaly is a rare condition found only in monozygotic multiple pregnancies, usually twins.
(8) Depending on their nature, vascular connections may give rise to reverse flow with acardiac status in one twin during early development, or to vascular disruptions from a deceased co-twin with intravascular coagulation causing embolization in the surviving co-twin.
(9) When an acardiac malformation was diagnosed at 19 weeks' gestation the patient was monitored with weekly ultrasonographic examinations.
(10) The presence of an acadiac twin requires the normal (or "pump") twin to provide circulation for itself, as well as the acardiac sibling.
(11) The finding in this fetus of intravascular fibrin deposits suggests the possibility of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation, not previously reported in association with an acardiac twin.
(12) The prenatal diagnosis of an acardiac fetus must be suspected in any multiple gestation in which cardiac activity cannot be documented sonographically in a growing fetus.
(13) Karyotype analysis of a premature human acardiac twin disclosed normal chromosomes.
(14) The principal perinatal problems associated with acardiac twinning are pump-twin congestive heart failure, maternal hydramnios, and preterm delivery.
(15) As a result, no enlargement of the acardiac monster was observed, and the cardiac function of the unaffected fetus improved.
(16) Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis is associated with various pathological conditions, twin transfusion syndrome including acardiac monsters, fetal heart diseases, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary sequestration, pulmonary lymphangiectasia, intrauterine infections such as cytomegalovirus infection and neonatal hepatitis, congenital neuroblastoma, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, cystic hygroma, and chromosomal aberrations.
(17) The fourth affected twin was a stillborn acardiac fetus with multiple congenital anomalies and unilateral renal agenesis.
(18) The sex ratio of acardiac monsters (which are all members of monochorionic monozygotic twins) seems to be lower than that of monozygotic twins as a whole.
(19) We present a surgical approach to the treatment of this problem involving hysterotomy and selective delivery of the acardiac twin, which we have used in five cases.
(20) Singular involvement of one component of the twin placenta by hydramnios or congenital defects, incidence of vascular communications and the anatomical characteristics of the vessels in conjoined twins, acardiac monsters and triplets, and a chromosomal discordance in a MZ pair, lend additional support to the initial surmise of anatomical characteristics of fetal blood vessels of the placenta being determined by functional demands.
Cardiac
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach.
(a.) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.
(n.) A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.
Example Sentences:
(1) This trend appeared to reverse itself in the low dose animals after 3 hr, whereas in the high dose group, cardiac output continued to decline.
(2) The newborn with critical AS typically presents with severe cardiac failure and the infant with moderate failure, whereas children may be asymptomatic.
(3) In cardiac tissue the adenylate system is not a good indicator of the energy state of the mitochondrion, even when the concentrations of AMP and free cytosolic ADP are calculated from the adenylate kinase and creatine kinase equilibria.
(4) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(5) The origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery from the right ventricle is a complicated and little studied congenital cardiac malformation.
(6) The strongest predictor of non-sudden cardiac death was the New York Heart Association functional class.
(7) Cor triatriatum (CT) is a rare congenital defect, surgically correctable, and sometimes difficult to diagnose by cardiac catheterization.
(8) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
(9) Using multiple regression, a linear correlation was established between the cardiac index and the arterial-venous pH and PCO2 differences throughout shock and resuscitation (r2 = .91).
(10) One patient with a large fistula angiographically had no oximetric evidence of shunt at cardiac catheterization.
(11) Only the approximately 2.7 kb mRNA species was visualized in Northern blots of total cellular and poly(A+) RNA isolated from cardiac ventricular muscle.
(12) External phonocardiography performed at the time of cardiac catheterization revealed that this loud midsystolic click disappeared whenever a catheter was positioned across the mitral valve.
(13) No differences in cardiac output were noted in surviving animals.
(14) Diphenoxylate-induced hypoxia was the major problem and was associated with slow or fast respirations, hypotonia or rigidity, cardiac arrest, and in 3 cases cerebral edema and death.
(15) Results showed significantly higher cardiac output in infants with grade III shunting than in infants with grade 0 and grade I shunting.
(16) This doxorubicin derivative did not bind to Sepharose which was conjugated with cardiac actin.
(17) Infusion of sodium lactate associated with isoproterenol could be used to combat the depressent effects of betablockers in patients with cardiac disorders.
(18) The highest antishock effect of dopamine is reached when cardiac output fraction addressed to thoracic region vitals is supported by dopamine on the 43-45% level.
(19) Hypercalcitoninemia was the most pronounced in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and a simultaneous reduction in total serum calcium.
(20) Eight other children (20%) had normal or borderline elevation of CPK-MB fraction and EKG abnormalities combined with abnormal echocardiograms or radionuclide angiograms, and were considered to have sustained cardiac concussion.