What's the difference between acclimate and toughen?
Acclimate
Definition:
(v. t.) To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.
Example Sentences:
(1) Acclimation to 10 degrees C or 30 degrees C resulted in large differences in the dimensions of villi.
(2) Therefore, the hypothesis of a fetal sensori-neural hearing loss due to oxygen lack was tested in the following animal models: a) Adult cats to which feline red blood cells were infused thus causing a polycythemia similar to fetal conditions; b) Adult rats acclimated to altitude in a hypobaric chamber, inducing erythropoiesis with elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin; c) Neonatal guinea pigs and goats studied when they were less than 12 hours old so that the fetal compensatory mechanisms were still present.
(3) Thermogenic response to noradrenaline was markedly increased in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes, while it was reduced in heat-acclimated ones.
(4) Adult males acclimated to an LD 14:10 photoperiod were distributed in five experimental groups: intact controls (NO), sham-pinealectomized (S), sham-pinealectomized with black plastic shielding of the pineal region, pinealectomized (PX), and pinealectomized with the operated region shielded.
(5) In the cold-acclimated rats acute cold exposure increased k as well as turnover rate, but not acute immobilization stress.
(6) No or only a slight increase in sweating activity was observed following the acclimation procedures with face fanning, whereas similar procedures without face fanning had resulted in substantial enhancement of sweating activity in most of the cases, which had been attributed mainly to adaptive changes in central sudomotor activity (as indicated by a shift of the regression line relating Fsw to Tb).
(7) G. cahawbensis cytosol malate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with increasing acclimation temperature, while G. cochliaris malate dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged.
(8) In hypoxia-acclimated guinea pigs, specific VE was 30% higher than that of control animals due to an elevation in VT; however, VO2 was similar in both groups of animals.
(9) The results of these experiments suggest that the enhanced cold-tolerance of diabetic cold-acclimated rats could be related to the increased sympathetic activity and enhanced insulin sensitivity in thermogenic tissues, such as brown fat.
(10) This species preferred a higher temperature than its acclimation temperature for those acclimation temperatures ranging from 6 degrees to 26 degrees C. When acclimated to 30 degrees and 33 degrees C, the crayfish preferred a lower temperature than its acclimation temperature.
(11) It was suggested that the extent of participation of these factors was not necessarily the same between the cold-acclimated and the stressed organisms.
(12) Maximal response in total epididymal fat cells to noradrenaline was increased in cold acclimation and not changed in heat acclimation at increased numbers of adipocytes in both cold-acclimated and heat-acclimated animals.
(13) NA-induced increase in the plasma NEFA level was less in extent in cold-acclimated rats than in warm-adapted ones.
(14) The role of the rabbit's ear in cold acclimation was studied by varying the temperature of a climatic room in the range from -10 to +30 degrees C; The skin temperature in a nonanesthetized rabbit's ear showed a characteristic response to changes in ambient temperatures; plotting the ear temperature against the ambient temperature yielded an S-shaped curve.
(15) In accordance with data taken from literature, this finding suggests a compensatory enhancement of in vivo protein synthesis to occur in trout during cold acclimation.
(16) To investigate the role of neurohumoral factors in acclimation of mussel muscle to a lowered salinity, studies have been made on the reaction of the intact mussel muscle and that of isolated muscle to change in the salinity from 26% to 10%.
(17) Lugworms, Arenicola marina (L.), acclimatized at 16-17 degrees C, were acclimated at temperatures between 5.3 and 25.7 degrees C for 96 h. Whereas in vitro Arenicola blood behaves like a Rosenthal system, in vivo prebranchial blood does not: the higher the acclimation temperature, the lower the pHv and [HCO3]V, PVCO2, remaining practically constant.
(18) In acclimated dehydrated rats, CO distribution to thermoregulatory areas did not change while perfusion of the splanchnic area decreased.
(19) In the hamster, heat acclimation reduces liver weight more than it does body weight.
(20) The above findings suggest that skeletal muscle Mb may be partly involved in an enhanced thermogenesis in cold acclimation by favouring an oxidative capacity of muscles.
Toughen
Definition:
(v. i. & t.) To grow or make tough, or tougher.
Example Sentences:
(1) Stringer, a Vietnam war veteran who was knighted in 1999, is already inside the corporation, if only for a few months, after he was appointed as one of its non-executive directors to toughen up the BBC's governance following a string of scandals, from the Jimmy Savile abuse to multimillion-pound executive payoffs.
(2) May’s rhetoric against the Labour leader appeared to have toughened significantly, underlining the Conservatives’ determination to exploit what they regard as Corbyn’s weaknesses.
(3) It is possible that future materials will be developed on the lines of these polyelectrolyte cements in which higher molecular weight polymers are used in conjunction with polymers that contain photoinitiators to effect light curing and toughen the matrix.
(4) But the pending toughening of the rules merely angers lawyers acting for the detainees even more – why, they ask, did the Obama administration not act more quickly to effect transfers before the squeeze was imposed.
(5) Cameron is minded to demand a toughened up form of independent regulation, but to give the newspaper industry six months to put its house in order or face statutory controls.
(6) By doing risky things, we are toughening ourselves up for a dangerous world.
(7) The referral came at a time of growing public and political pressure on the police and prosecutors over their failure to bring a single prosecution for FGM in the UK since it was made illegal in 1985, legislation that subsequently toughened in 2003.
(8) He has also advised Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah and Virginia on how to toughen up their policies.
(9) The first CFC rules were finalised in 1984 but Dodwell says the big changes took place in 2000 when Gordon Brown toughened up the stance towards "overseas financing companies".
(10) We have to toughen up, but City are probably going to win the league this year.” City could have gone ahead in the first few minutes when Tim Krul could not quite hold a Kevin De Bruyne free-kick at the foot of a post.
(11) London housing: politicians must toughen up on planning "viability" Read more “And now the housing grant has effectively gone,” he adds, “viability has become a one-way negotiation.
(12) Obama administration officials had promised to toughen the lax environmental regulations of the George Bush era.
(13) He's got to toughen up – he's playing for Man United.
(14) Davey said the rules were "significant and welcome toughening up of competition in electricity markets".
(15) The attorney general, George Brandis, said the data retention laws would come in as the third tranche of changes, the first tranche being previously proposed toughening of intelligence agency powers and the second tranche being the measures announced on Tuesday.
(16) Congress passed pretty strong new auto emissions standards in 2007, and just last week the Obama administration moved to toughen them further.
(17) Unless they agree to toughen their code of practice, the government will consult on legislation requiring banks to give customers fair notice of any changes to products.
(18) The department must not only understand the danger of either a provider or a commissioner going 'belly up', but also toughen up its contingency plans, drawing upon strong, effective and clear chains of governance and accountability throughout the new NHS model."
(19) Systematic swimming exercises in child preschool establishments increase toughening of children, resistance to unfavourable factors, and also favourably influence anthropometric indices.
(20) At the time, I was like, 'Man I've got to toughen up, get a thicker skin,' whereas in fact, being sensitive and thin-skinned and all the things I still am, lends itself to a career as an actor.