What's the difference between accrual and accumulation?
Accrual
Definition:
(n.) Accrument.
Example Sentences:
(1) The study was terminated prior to accrual of the planned number of patients because of the statistically significant difference in efficacy between treatments found at interim analysis.
(2) Nonparametric estimates for all possible values of accrual duration and total study length required to achieve a specified power and level of significance are given assuming a proportional hazards model comparing two treatment groups.
(3) The tamoxifen or placebo treatment continued to death or to 10 months after accrual into the trial was stopped.
(4) This argues against a strategy of optional stopping of information accrual during the fixation of SL and is in line with a strategy of either fully neglecting or fully encoding SL.
(5) Side effects occurred despite dose reduction; therefore, protocol accrual was prematurely closed.
(6) Phylogenetically, a succession of structural innovations steadily enhanced the flow capacity of the larynx and rendered the mechanism more versatile, most recently with the accrual of phonation (in mammals), pressurized closure (in primates and odontocetes), and vocal formants and efficiency (in man).
(7) It is critical that interim statistical reports be interpreted correctly so as not to affect accrual adversely.
(8) This paper discusses practical aspects of patient accrual and interim analysis in this study.
(9) Postoperative memory, measured with delayed free recall, and postoperative mental performance, measured with the frequency accrual speed test index, were both significantly less impaired in the propofol group.
(10) Methods of determining appropriate combinations for the accrual and follow-up periods are given and the unique cost effective choice of accrual and follow-up periods is presented.
(11) On the other hand, the efficiency of the proportions test can drop to 72% or less for trials in which the accrual period exceeds the mean survival, as is often the case in trials to treat cancer.
(12) Rees – who turns 60 next month when his pension accruals will come to an end – will step down as deputy chief executive at the end of April.
(13) Rigid protocol design was the primary deterrent to accrual, especially for medical oncologists.
(14) The analysis was motivated by concerns over low accrual rates and a lower than expected response rate.
(15) The model has the advantages of predicting the time course of costs, allowing for different accrual and follow-up costs, and being amenable to revision during the conduct of a trial.
(16) Congruity effects arise because the duration of each evidence accrual is increased and the quality of the information is reduced as the distance of the stimulus representations from the instruction-activated reference point increases.
(17) Present annual accrual is approximately 2000 patients per year; 38 protocols are actively accruing patients while follow-up continues on 14 studies that are closed to patient entry.
(18) The $465 fee is an application fee, but a lot of the documents required in the application also lead to an accrual of additional fees – such as school transcripts, records from officials, photos, mailing.
(19) Current cancer care programmes in Sweden are listed, together with some examples of patient accrual in trials within regional and national programmes.
(20) In contrast, the development of the basolateral surface, which requires much less membrane accrual, was unaffected by PEM.
Accumulation
Definition:
(n.) The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors.
(n.) The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.
Example Sentences:
(1) The accumulation of lipids and enzymes such as simple estarase, lipase, beta-HDH, alpha-GDH and NADPH-reductase in those areas, suggests that lipids are not a simple excretory product.
(2) After 4 to 6 hours of recirculation, accumulation of vasoactive amine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, and its precursor amino acid, tryptophan were detected.
(3) The rate of accumulation of degraded LDL products was lower in collagen gel cultures, but the final levels achieved were the same in the two substrata.
(4) Based on several previous studies, which demonstrated that sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells (RBCs) was a function of ambient glucose concentrations, either in vitro or in vivo, our investigations were conducted to determine if RBC sorbitol accumulation would correlate with sorbitol accumulation in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats; the effect of sorbinil in reducing sorbitol levels in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats would be reflected by changes in RBC sorbitol; and sorbinil would reduce RBC sorbitol in diabetic man.
(5) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(6) The data support the conclusion that accumulation of lipid II is responsible in some way for the hypersensitivity of delta rfbA mutants to SDS.
(7) In addition, the guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation response was less impressive in glomeruli than the guanylate cyclase response in IMCD tissue.
(8) It was also shown that after a shock at 44 degrees C teratocarcinoma cells were able to accumulate anomalous amounts of hsp 70 despite hsp 70 synthesis inhibition.
(9) At 24 or 48 hours after ischemia, 63Ni, 99TcO4, and 22Na were preferentially concentrated in the damaged striatum and hippocampus, whereas 65Zn, 59Fe, 32PO4, and 147Pm did not accumulate in irreversibly injured tissue.
(10) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(11) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
(12) Our results show that large complex lipid bodies and extensive accumulations of glycogen are valuable indicators of a functionally suppressed chief cell in atrophic parathyroid glands.
(13) Much information has accumulated on the isolation and characterization of a heterogeneous group of molecules that inhibit one or more of the bioactivities of interleukin 1.
(14) The mechanism by which K+ accumulates in the follicle was insensitive to ouabain, so that a typical Na+, K(+)-ATPase mechanism does not appear to be involved.
(15) The data shows a dissociation between ferritin synthesis, cellular accumulation and secretion for which the mechanisms have still to be elucidated.
(16) The rate of accumulation was highest late in infection and only the slower migrating form incorporates significant amounts of glucosamine.
(17) Initiation of the alternative pathway by the cryptococcal capsule is characterized by a lag in C3 accumulation and the appearance of a limited number of focal initiation sites which resemble those observed when the alternative pathway is activated by zymosan and nonencapsulated cryptococci.
(18) Accumulating evidence indicates that for most tumors, the switch to the angiogenic phenotype depends upon the outcome of a balance between angiogenic stimulators and angiogenic inhibitors, both of which may be produced by tumor cells and perhaps by certain host cells.
(19) The aim of our experiments was to investigate firstly whether during an acute inflammatory process platelets accumulate in the inflamed area and secondly whether the inflammation has an effect on the properties of the platelets.
(20) The accumulated evidence would strongly favor an affirmative answer.