(1) However, dopamine turnover (as determined by measuring the rate of decline of dopamine after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine treatment) was not significantly different in the two accumbal sectors.
(2) These results suggest that the hippocampo-accumbal pathway may play an important role in the development of the sensitization.
(3) The accumbal cell cluster compartment, on the other hand, appears to be a separate entity, with connectional and neurochemical features that are dissimilar to both patch and matrix of neostriatum.
(4) The present data indicate that the neurotensin immunoreactivity-rich ventromedial district of ventral pallidum receives its accumbal input almost exclusively from the shell district of the nucleus accumbens.
(5) Relative to the core and neostriatum, a significantly greater proportion of the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive innervation of the accumbal shell consisted of thin fiber and small bouton profiles.
(6) The accumbal core, alternatively, projects to the dorsolateral ventral pallidal subterritory that lacks appreciable neurotensin immunoreactivity and in many other respects more resembles the adjoining striatopallidal components of the caudate-putamen.
(7) This impairment was dose-dependent (Experiment 2) and mediated by opioid receptors in the accumbens nucleus, because it was removed by a systemic (Experiment 3a) or by an accumbal (Experiment 3b) infusion of naloxone.
(8) The contralateral of the DH, CN, the accumbent nucleus (AN) and the globus pallidus (GP) were tested for reproducibility of the instrumental movement.
(9) The locomotor response to a higher dose of AMPA (0.5 microgram) was greater than the maximum response to intra-accumbal injection of amphetamine and was significantly inhibited only when both the D1 and D2 antagonists were administered together.
(10) ORG 2766 was effective after intra-accumbal, subcutaneous and oral administration.
(11) The isla magna itself is unusual not only for its large size but for lateral extensions encircling a group of accumbal neurons far caudally.
(12) Our results indicate that the nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion may arise primarily from activation of VTA nicotinic cholinoceptors (nAchRs), whereas activation of the accumbal nAchRs is less significant in regard to this effect.
(13) The hyperactivity induced by injection of the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine into the nucleus accumbens of rats was dose dependently inhibited by intra-accumbal pretreatment with cholecystokinin (CCK-8) (ED50, 0.34 ng).
(14) Rats with 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens which were treated intra-accumbally with control serum during the first week following the lesion showed a similar level of motor activity 3 weeks after the lesion as sham-lesioned rats treated with control serum.
(15) It is proposed that the neuroanatomical asymmetry is in either accumbal efferents or their postsynaptic connections.
(16) The accumbal shell, its exclusive projection to the ventromedial subterritory in the subcommissural ventral pallidum, and the previously reported, almost exclusive projection of that pallidal subdistrict to the mesencephalic ventral tegmental area are discussed in terms of a number of other neurochemical and hodological features that serve to distinguish them sufficiently to suggest that they represent a uniquely specialized part of the basal ganglia.
(17) These power spectra are used to sort for the AEP when certain power values for the (36-42Hz) and the (11-16Hz) are reached in the prestimulus period of the sensory motor cortex, nucleus accumbers and amygdala.
(18) The effects of bilateral intra-accumbal and intrastriatal injections of CCK-8 sulphate and its analogue, caerulein, on apomorphine-induced jaw movements were studied in ketamine-anaesthetized rats after C1 spinal transection.
(19) In the accumbal ICC, satellite neurons are most conspicuous in granule-cell-poor spaces within the isla magna, where many non-granular neurons are uncharacteristically small and chromophobic.
(20) Functional recovery from motor hypoactivity of rats with 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens is accelerated by intra-accumbal or subcutaneous treatment with the ACTH-(4-9) analog ORG 2766.
Crush
Definition:
(v. t.) To press or bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to destroy the natural shape or integrity of the parts, or to force together into a mass; as, to crush grapes.
(v. t.) To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding; to comminute; as, to crush quartz.
(v. t.) To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or force down, as by an incumbent weight.
(v. t.) To oppress or burden grievously.
(v. t.) To overcome completely; to subdue totally.
(v. i.) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by external weight or force; as, an eggshell crushes easily.
(n.) A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.
(n.) Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which produced uncomfortable pressure; as, a crush at a peception.
Example Sentences:
(1) The number of axons displaying peptide-like immunoreactivity within the optic nerve, retinal or cerebral to the crush, and within the optic chiasm gradually decreased after 2-3 months.
(2) Crushing their dream of denying healthcare to millions of people will put them on that road to despair.
(3) Reality set in once you got home to your parents and the regular neighborhood kids, and your thoughts turned to new notebooks for the school year and whether you got prettier while you were away and whether your crushes were going to notice.
(4) The wide variation in potency explains the variation found in absolute bioavailability, and the increase in release rate when the pellets are crushed explains the differences seen in peak plasma times, since the pellets will be chewed to varying degrees by the horse.
(5) In case 2, a 26-year-old man sustained an open total dislocation of the talus with a severe crush wound and impaired circulation to the foot.
(6) "Everyone has been blasted by anonymous figures who crushed the economy.
(7) The main objective of these experiments was to develop and characterize a new experimental model of venous thrombosis, and determine whether a combination of vascular wall damage (crushing with hemostat clamps) and prolonged stasis produced more reproducible clots than prolonged stasis per se.
(8) Despite a glorious career, her Olympic history had been one of crushing disappointment.
(9) In one group of rats, the RGC proteins were labeled 1 week after crushing.
(10) In adrenergic axons NA, DBH-IR and TH-IR accumulated with time after crushing the nerve as described earlier with biochemical techniques.
(11) This is the first reported case, to the best of my knowledge, of disk neovascularization occurring after intravenously injected, crushed, unfiltered, methylphenidate HCl tablets.
(12) An epidemic of abuse with "T's and blues" began in the late 1970's in which pentazocine-Talwin tablets ("T")--and the antihistamine tripelennamine (known as blues) were crushed, dissolved together, filtered, and injected intravenously.
(13) Labeled axons were first detected in the segment of optic nerve lying distal to the crush site 1 week after injury and had extended as far as 2.3 mm beyond the crush site by 60 days postinjury, growing at a rate similar to that at which the collateral branches of developing ganglion cell axons extend into their targets.
(14) On 21 August 1968, armies of five Warsaw Pact countries – the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East Germany – invaded Czechoslovakia to crush democratic reforms known as the Prague spring.
(15) Freeze-dried crushed cortical bone allografts were implanted into widemouthed three-wall, two-wall, one-wall, combination, and furcation defects.
(16) Previous work from our laboratory had shown that goldfish retinal fragments explanted onto a polylysine substratum 1 to 2 weeks following optic nerve crush exhibit a striking clockwise pattern of neuritic outgrowth.
(17) Thus did Dominic Cummings, former special adviser to Michael Gove , deliver to his prime minister what is, in certain Tory circles, the most crushing of insults.
(18) Isis recently threatened to kill American hostages to avenge the crushing airstrikes in Iraq against militants advancing on Mount Sinjar and the Kurdish capital of Irbil.
(19) Addictive onion consumption was prevented by mixing chopped or crushed onions in a total balanced ration.
(20) On a turnout of 50.78%, Labour's shellshocked candidate Imran Hussain was crushed by a 36.59% swing from Labour to Respect that saw Galloway take the seat with a majority of 10,140.