(1) However, dopamine turnover (as determined by measuring the rate of decline of dopamine after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine treatment) was not significantly different in the two accumbal sectors.
(2) These results suggest that the hippocampo-accumbal pathway may play an important role in the development of the sensitization.
(3) The accumbal cell cluster compartment, on the other hand, appears to be a separate entity, with connectional and neurochemical features that are dissimilar to both patch and matrix of neostriatum.
(4) The present data indicate that the neurotensin immunoreactivity-rich ventromedial district of ventral pallidum receives its accumbal input almost exclusively from the shell district of the nucleus accumbens.
(5) Relative to the core and neostriatum, a significantly greater proportion of the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive innervation of the accumbal shell consisted of thin fiber and small bouton profiles.
(6) The accumbal core, alternatively, projects to the dorsolateral ventral pallidal subterritory that lacks appreciable neurotensin immunoreactivity and in many other respects more resembles the adjoining striatopallidal components of the caudate-putamen.
(7) This impairment was dose-dependent (Experiment 2) and mediated by opioid receptors in the accumbens nucleus, because it was removed by a systemic (Experiment 3a) or by an accumbal (Experiment 3b) infusion of naloxone.
(8) The contralateral of the DH, CN, the accumbent nucleus (AN) and the globus pallidus (GP) were tested for reproducibility of the instrumental movement.
(9) The locomotor response to a higher dose of AMPA (0.5 microgram) was greater than the maximum response to intra-accumbal injection of amphetamine and was significantly inhibited only when both the D1 and D2 antagonists were administered together.
(10) ORG 2766 was effective after intra-accumbal, subcutaneous and oral administration.
(11) The isla magna itself is unusual not only for its large size but for lateral extensions encircling a group of accumbal neurons far caudally.
(12) Our results indicate that the nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion may arise primarily from activation of VTA nicotinic cholinoceptors (nAchRs), whereas activation of the accumbal nAchRs is less significant in regard to this effect.
(13) The hyperactivity induced by injection of the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine into the nucleus accumbens of rats was dose dependently inhibited by intra-accumbal pretreatment with cholecystokinin (CCK-8) (ED50, 0.34 ng).
(14) Rats with 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens which were treated intra-accumbally with control serum during the first week following the lesion showed a similar level of motor activity 3 weeks after the lesion as sham-lesioned rats treated with control serum.
(15) It is proposed that the neuroanatomical asymmetry is in either accumbal efferents or their postsynaptic connections.
(16) The accumbal shell, its exclusive projection to the ventromedial subterritory in the subcommissural ventral pallidum, and the previously reported, almost exclusive projection of that pallidal subdistrict to the mesencephalic ventral tegmental area are discussed in terms of a number of other neurochemical and hodological features that serve to distinguish them sufficiently to suggest that they represent a uniquely specialized part of the basal ganglia.
(17) These power spectra are used to sort for the AEP when certain power values for the (36-42Hz) and the (11-16Hz) are reached in the prestimulus period of the sensory motor cortex, nucleus accumbers and amygdala.
(18) The effects of bilateral intra-accumbal and intrastriatal injections of CCK-8 sulphate and its analogue, caerulein, on apomorphine-induced jaw movements were studied in ketamine-anaesthetized rats after C1 spinal transection.
(19) In the accumbal ICC, satellite neurons are most conspicuous in granule-cell-poor spaces within the isla magna, where many non-granular neurons are uncharacteristically small and chromophobic.
(20) Functional recovery from motor hypoactivity of rats with 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens is accelerated by intra-accumbal or subcutaneous treatment with the ACTH-(4-9) analog ORG 2766.
Encumber
Definition:
(v. t.) To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass; as, his movements were encumbered by his mantle; his mind is encumbered with useless learning.
(v. t.) To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber an estate with mortgages.
Example Sentences:
(1) While they may always be encumbered by censorship in a way that HBO is not, the success of darker storylines, antiheroes and the occasional snow zombie will not be lost in an entertainment industry desperate to maintain its share of the audience.
(2) Genetic analyses of DNA restriction and modification mechanisms have been encumbered by the inability to rigorously select for mutant phenotypes associated with these systems.
(3) John Pugh, a former Lib Dem health spokesman, said: "There is no compelling reason why the NHS in England should be encumbered with this level of bean counting … the NHS should be like other more efficient public services run on simple best-value principles.
(4) Rather than conditions of respect and regard, lesbians report atmospheres of intimidation and humiliation, which encumber their interactions with health care providers.
(5) The drag coefficient was high compared with that of phocid seals examined during gliding or towing experiments, indicating an increased drag encumbered by actively swimming seals.
(6) These burdens all add to the cost of trade and therefore encumber economic growth in developing countries.
(7) Fibroses occurred frequently as a result, which to date encumber nerve adhesive.
(8) Distal osteotomies are encumbered by nonunion problems.
(9) This encumbers research on the psychoanalytic process.
(10) Often children are not discovered by teachers who are overwhelmed by large classes or encumbered with a complicated curriculum.
(11) By contrast, comparison of the time necessary to gain accurate control over individual PTNs from contralateral cortex showed the epileptic monkeys to be significantly encumbered when compared to nonepileptic monkeys.
(12) One major reason is perhaps that the Australian Labor leader is chosen by the party's MPs and not by the more cumbersome but wider democratic process that Labour chose for itself nearly 30 years ago, thus encumbering itself with an institutional inertia factor that hugely benefits incumbents.
(13) Different Therapy of Bromisoval Poisoning and Primary Detoxication by Gastrotomy or Duodenotomy: Bromisoval poisoning is encumbered with a high complication rate and mortality.
(14) Like many US enterprises seeking to push drone technology, Amazon has been encumbered by regulations introduced by the FAA in an attempt to prevent unpiloted drone aircraft from endangering passenger planes and denting America’s unparalleled global reputation for air safety.
(15) Its application in a kinematic gait-analysis system is demonstrated, employing minimally encumbering electrogoniometry and foot-contact switches.
(16) The measurement of microdosimetric distributions for the purpose of estimating the quality factor, Q, may be encumbered in pulsed radiation fields--as produced, for instance, by accelerators with low duty cycle--because of a signal pile-up.
(17) Occupations tend to be more of a factor in white males, where occupational choice is least encumbered, than in black males or in females.
(18) The polar head group of DOPA, being more negatively charged and sterically less encumbered than diester phosphate ligands, most probably was responsible for this adherence of the lipid bilayers to the crystal surfaces.
(19) It is suggested that in sick premature infants, when the head is encumbered by various types of apparatus, this technique might prove more feasible than HC measurement.
(20) Traditional manual reporting systems are encumbered by the necessity of transcription of test information onto hard copy reports and then the subsequent distribution of such reports into the hands of the user.