(1) However, in this last group, a significant negative relationship between the quantity of acetaldehyde bound to microsomal proteins and the monooxygenase-catalyzed transformation of butanol by liver microsomes was demonstrated (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01).
(2) All pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, the toxicity of which has been reviewed (Lieber 1982).
(3) Acetaldehyde (1-20 mM) was metabolized at high rates and in a dose-dependent manner in isolated human and baboon kidney-cortex tubules.
(4) The method was based on a pre-column reaction; a fluorescent substance was formed by a coupling reaction between 2 mol of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 1 mol of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate.
(5) Acetaldehyde was found to be transported in the blood mainly bound reversibly to 2 components of the red blood cells (RBC): a) hemoglobin, which provides binding of a high affinity, but low capacity, and b) a non-protein component (presumably cysteine), which has a lower affinity but a higher capacity.
(6) Acetaldehyde does not increase the yield of or accelerate ethanol production by the organism.
(7) A significant inhibition of granulocyte chemotaxis was first noted with 0.063% ethanol and 0.016% acetaldehyde.
(8) All-trans retinal reversed the inhibition caused by acetaldehyde and 2-aminobenzaldehyde.
(9) An increase of adrenaline content in the hypothalamus is determined by acetaldehyde.
(10) The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.
(11) Both alcohol oxidation and acetaldehyde reduction follow a compulsory ordered pathway, with coenzyme binding first.
(12) Our results show that the acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis is irreversible under these short term experimental conditions and is not dependent on the physical presence of acetaldehyde in the incubation medium.
(13) Acetaldehyde and acetone were also detected in the irradiated squalene, which may be formed via a 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one intermediate.
(14) No inhibition occurred at 4 degrees C or when acetaldehyde was incubated with dilute hemolysates.
(15) Rat liver membrane vesicles were exposed to acetaldehyde, with or without reduction of the resultant adducts formed.
(16) This work supports the hypothesis that acetaldehyde-modified cells can generate a cellular immune response and may do so in pathologic states.
(17) This study contrasts the binding ability of a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction synthesized in vitro with glycosylated albumin.
(18) Six pairs (1 habitual smoker and 1 nonsmoking control) of volunteers were studied to determine the effect of smoking tobacco on breath and whole blood acetaldehyde levels.
(19) one hour before ethanol), caused increases of up to 23-fold in the hepatic acetaldehyde level, without influencing the cytosolic NAD+:NADH ratio in ethanol dosed rats, while significantly reducing the ethanol elimination rate by up to 44%, compared with controls.
(20) Thus, acetaldehyde by itself cannot account for ethanol-induced EEG synchronization.
Acetylene
Definition:
(n.) A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Optimum rates of acetylene reduction in short-term assays occurred at 20% O2 (0.2 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa] in the gas phase.
(2) On siratro, CIAT899 induced nodules that were ineffective in acetylene reduction, whereas the EPS-deficient mutants induced effective nodules.
(3) It is suggested that acetylene reduction assays may not be accurately applied to samples containing methane oxidizing bacteria.
(4) Biological nitrogen fixation, as determined by acetylene reduction, occurs in Lake Erie.
(5) Some of the thiophenes and their acetylenic derivatives possess extremely potent phototoxic activities toward membrane-containing viruses.
(6) The efficiencies of the different positional isomers in supporting cell proliferation varied from essentially 0 cells per fmol for the 2-5 and 13-17 isomers to high values when the acetylenic bond was near the center of the chain: e.g.
(7) If the cultures were grown in media with NH4+, NO3-, urea, glutamine or asparagine, hydrogen photoevolution by the cells and acetylene reduction started after the lag-phase and proceeded at a low rate.
(8) Under suitable growth conditions the acetylenic acids are catabolized and partly reused via acetate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids.
(9) 2-Ethynyl-4,5-diphenylthiazoles were synthesized by the palladium catalyst cross-coupling reaction of 2-iodo-4,5-diphenylthiazole with monosubstituted acetylenes.
(10) The conditions which are necessary for the synthesis and function of this system were studied in whole cells by using acetylene reduction as a sensitive assay for the presence of the N(2)-fixing system.
(11) However, in culture under aerobic conditions, large, phase-bright vesicles are formed in HFPCcI3 within 20 h following removal of NH+4 from the culture medium and reach peak numbers within 72 to 96 h. In vivo acetylene reduction activity parallels vesicle formation.
(12) Vesicles permeabilized by freeze-thaw or detergents showed increased rates of acetylene reduction due to increased permeability of dithionite.
(13) After 30 minutes at this new driving force, four timed acetylene samples were again collected.
(14) 3-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)methylcephalosporins have been prepared by the direct cycloaddition of acetylene to 3-azidomethylcephalosporins, which were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of 3-chloromethylcephalosporins with sodium azide in N,N-dimethylformamide.
(15) Biological dinitrogen fixation in mangrove communities of the Tampa Bay region of South Florida was investigated using the acetylene reduction technique.
(16) Nitrate reductase (nar) A, B and E mutants of Escherichia coli with plasmids carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation (nif) genes reduced acetylene independently of added molybdate, but nar D mutants showed pleiotropic dependence on the concentration of added molybdate for expression of both nar and nif.
(17) Two important side reactions of this procedure are known: the formation of the isomeric beta-ethynyl derivative and the formation of a dimeric product with acetylene bridge.
(18) Acetylene-reducing activity of purified nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied over a range of ATP and Mg(2+) concentrations at 15 degrees C, pH7.8.
(19) The reconstituted acid mixture is injected into the graphite tube atomizer for analysis of Cu and Cd and aspirated into the air--acetylene flame for measurement of Zn.
(20) The 19-acetylenic testosterone, a confirmed metabolite from primate studies, was 25% as efficient as MDL 18,962 for aromatase inactivation, while 6 beta-hydroxy- and 6-oxo analogs were 11% and 5%, respectively as efficient as their parent compound.