What's the difference between acetaldehyde and acetylene?

Acetaldehyde


Definition:

  • (n.) Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) However, in this last group, a significant negative relationship between the quantity of acetaldehyde bound to microsomal proteins and the monooxygenase-catalyzed transformation of butanol by liver microsomes was demonstrated (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01).
  • (2) All pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, the toxicity of which has been reviewed (Lieber 1982).
  • (3) Acetaldehyde (1-20 mM) was metabolized at high rates and in a dose-dependent manner in isolated human and baboon kidney-cortex tubules.
  • (4) The method was based on a pre-column reaction; a fluorescent substance was formed by a coupling reaction between 2 mol of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 1 mol of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate.
  • (5) Acetaldehyde was found to be transported in the blood mainly bound reversibly to 2 components of the red blood cells (RBC): a) hemoglobin, which provides binding of a high affinity, but low capacity, and b) a non-protein component (presumably cysteine), which has a lower affinity but a higher capacity.
  • (6) Acetaldehyde does not increase the yield of or accelerate ethanol production by the organism.
  • (7) A significant inhibition of granulocyte chemotaxis was first noted with 0.063% ethanol and 0.016% acetaldehyde.
  • (8) All-trans retinal reversed the inhibition caused by acetaldehyde and 2-aminobenzaldehyde.
  • (9) An increase of adrenaline content in the hypothalamus is determined by acetaldehyde.
  • (10) The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.
  • (11) Both alcohol oxidation and acetaldehyde reduction follow a compulsory ordered pathway, with coenzyme binding first.
  • (12) Our results show that the acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis is irreversible under these short term experimental conditions and is not dependent on the physical presence of acetaldehyde in the incubation medium.
  • (13) Acetaldehyde and acetone were also detected in the irradiated squalene, which may be formed via a 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one intermediate.
  • (14) No inhibition occurred at 4 degrees C or when acetaldehyde was incubated with dilute hemolysates.
  • (15) Rat liver membrane vesicles were exposed to acetaldehyde, with or without reduction of the resultant adducts formed.
  • (16) This work supports the hypothesis that acetaldehyde-modified cells can generate a cellular immune response and may do so in pathologic states.
  • (17) This study contrasts the binding ability of a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction synthesized in vitro with glycosylated albumin.
  • (18) Six pairs (1 habitual smoker and 1 nonsmoking control) of volunteers were studied to determine the effect of smoking tobacco on breath and whole blood acetaldehyde levels.
  • (19) one hour before ethanol), caused increases of up to 23-fold in the hepatic acetaldehyde level, without influencing the cytosolic NAD+:NADH ratio in ethanol dosed rats, while significantly reducing the ethanol elimination rate by up to 44%, compared with controls.
  • (20) Thus, acetaldehyde by itself cannot account for ethanol-induced EEG synchronization.

Acetylene


Definition:

  • (n.) A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Optimum rates of acetylene reduction in short-term assays occurred at 20% O2 (0.2 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa] in the gas phase.
  • (2) On siratro, CIAT899 induced nodules that were ineffective in acetylene reduction, whereas the EPS-deficient mutants induced effective nodules.
  • (3) It is suggested that acetylene reduction assays may not be accurately applied to samples containing methane oxidizing bacteria.
  • (4) Biological nitrogen fixation, as determined by acetylene reduction, occurs in Lake Erie.
  • (5) Some of the thiophenes and their acetylenic derivatives possess extremely potent phototoxic activities toward membrane-containing viruses.
  • (6) The efficiencies of the different positional isomers in supporting cell proliferation varied from essentially 0 cells per fmol for the 2-5 and 13-17 isomers to high values when the acetylenic bond was near the center of the chain: e.g.
  • (7) If the cultures were grown in media with NH4+, NO3-, urea, glutamine or asparagine, hydrogen photoevolution by the cells and acetylene reduction started after the lag-phase and proceeded at a low rate.
  • (8) Under suitable growth conditions the acetylenic acids are catabolized and partly reused via acetate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids.
  • (9) 2-Ethynyl-4,5-diphenylthiazoles were synthesized by the palladium catalyst cross-coupling reaction of 2-iodo-4,5-diphenylthiazole with monosubstituted acetylenes.
  • (10) The conditions which are necessary for the synthesis and function of this system were studied in whole cells by using acetylene reduction as a sensitive assay for the presence of the N(2)-fixing system.
  • (11) However, in culture under aerobic conditions, large, phase-bright vesicles are formed in HFPCcI3 within 20 h following removal of NH+4 from the culture medium and reach peak numbers within 72 to 96 h. In vivo acetylene reduction activity parallels vesicle formation.
  • (12) Vesicles permeabilized by freeze-thaw or detergents showed increased rates of acetylene reduction due to increased permeability of dithionite.
  • (13) After 30 minutes at this new driving force, four timed acetylene samples were again collected.
  • (14) 3-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)methylcephalosporins have been prepared by the direct cycloaddition of acetylene to 3-azidomethylcephalosporins, which were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of 3-chloromethylcephalosporins with sodium azide in N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • (15) Biological dinitrogen fixation in mangrove communities of the Tampa Bay region of South Florida was investigated using the acetylene reduction technique.
  • (16) Nitrate reductase (nar) A, B and E mutants of Escherichia coli with plasmids carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation (nif) genes reduced acetylene independently of added molybdate, but nar D mutants showed pleiotropic dependence on the concentration of added molybdate for expression of both nar and nif.
  • (17) Two important side reactions of this procedure are known: the formation of the isomeric beta-ethynyl derivative and the formation of a dimeric product with acetylene bridge.
  • (18) Acetylene-reducing activity of purified nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied over a range of ATP and Mg(2+) concentrations at 15 degrees C, pH7.8.
  • (19) The reconstituted acid mixture is injected into the graphite tube atomizer for analysis of Cu and Cd and aspirated into the air--acetylene flame for measurement of Zn.
  • (20) The 19-acetylenic testosterone, a confirmed metabolite from primate studies, was 25% as efficient as MDL 18,962 for aromatase inactivation, while 6 beta-hydroxy- and 6-oxo analogs were 11% and 5%, respectively as efficient as their parent compound.

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