What's the difference between acetaldehyde and metaldehyde?
Acetaldehyde
Definition:
(n.) Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, in this last group, a significant negative relationship between the quantity of acetaldehyde bound to microsomal proteins and the monooxygenase-catalyzed transformation of butanol by liver microsomes was demonstrated (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01).
(2) All pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, the toxicity of which has been reviewed (Lieber 1982).
(3) Acetaldehyde (1-20 mM) was metabolized at high rates and in a dose-dependent manner in isolated human and baboon kidney-cortex tubules.
(4) The method was based on a pre-column reaction; a fluorescent substance was formed by a coupling reaction between 2 mol of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 1 mol of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate.
(5) Acetaldehyde was found to be transported in the blood mainly bound reversibly to 2 components of the red blood cells (RBC): a) hemoglobin, which provides binding of a high affinity, but low capacity, and b) a non-protein component (presumably cysteine), which has a lower affinity but a higher capacity.
(6) Acetaldehyde does not increase the yield of or accelerate ethanol production by the organism.
(7) A significant inhibition of granulocyte chemotaxis was first noted with 0.063% ethanol and 0.016% acetaldehyde.
(8) All-trans retinal reversed the inhibition caused by acetaldehyde and 2-aminobenzaldehyde.
(9) An increase of adrenaline content in the hypothalamus is determined by acetaldehyde.
(10) The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.
(11) Both alcohol oxidation and acetaldehyde reduction follow a compulsory ordered pathway, with coenzyme binding first.
(12) Our results show that the acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis is irreversible under these short term experimental conditions and is not dependent on the physical presence of acetaldehyde in the incubation medium.
(13) Acetaldehyde and acetone were also detected in the irradiated squalene, which may be formed via a 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one intermediate.
(14) No inhibition occurred at 4 degrees C or when acetaldehyde was incubated with dilute hemolysates.
(15) Rat liver membrane vesicles were exposed to acetaldehyde, with or without reduction of the resultant adducts formed.
(16) This work supports the hypothesis that acetaldehyde-modified cells can generate a cellular immune response and may do so in pathologic states.
(17) This study contrasts the binding ability of a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction synthesized in vitro with glycosylated albumin.
(18) Six pairs (1 habitual smoker and 1 nonsmoking control) of volunteers were studied to determine the effect of smoking tobacco on breath and whole blood acetaldehyde levels.
(19) one hour before ethanol), caused increases of up to 23-fold in the hepatic acetaldehyde level, without influencing the cytosolic NAD+:NADH ratio in ethanol dosed rats, while significantly reducing the ethanol elimination rate by up to 44%, compared with controls.
(20) Thus, acetaldehyde by itself cannot account for ethanol-induced EEG synchronization.
Metaldehyde
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline substance isomeric with, and obtained from, acetic aldehyde by polymerization, and reconvertible into the same.
Example Sentences:
(1) Rats received 0, 200, 1000 and 5000 ppm metaldehyde in the diet for 2 years.
(2) A gas chromatographic assay specific for the direct analysis of metaldehyde in plasma and urine is reported.
(3) Urinary excretion of metaldehyde from the metaldehyde-dosed dogs was less than 1%.
(4) I could discuss the poorly regulated use of metaldehyde, a pesticide that is impossible to remove from drinking water .
(5) Vomiting occurred less often and in a significantly lower number of metaldehyde-dosed dogs than in acetaldehyde-dosed dogs.
(6) During a 7-month period, 280 dogs and 12 cats were poisoned by metaldehyde (57%) or methiocarb (43%) containing baits with case fatality rates of 8.1% and 9.1% in dogs and 16.7% and 50% in cats, respectively.
(7) The in vivo effects of methomyl, thiodicarb and metaldehyde on total soluble proteins, total lipids and glycogen content, in addition, the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, (GOT), (GPT) glutamic pyruvic transaminase and catalase (CAT) enzymes of terrestrial E. vermiculata snails was studied.
(8) In a 4-wk oral toxicity study, 4-wk-old male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a combination of arbitrarily chosen chemicals comprising sodium metabisulphite, Mirex, Loperamide, metaldehyde, di-n-octyltin dichloride, stannous chloride, lysinoalanine and potassium nitrite.
(9) The reproductive performance was susceptibility in this respect to metaldehyde.
(10) Also, metaldehyde resulted a significant reduction in glycogen content of snails.
(11) Three horses exhibited nervous and cardiopulmonary signs after ingestins small amounts of metaldehyde, and 2 died in 3 to 5 hours.
(12) A case is presented in which a 37-year-old man took an overdose of Slugit, liquid containing metaldehyde.
(13) Metaldehyde has a larger role in the mechanism of metaldehyde toxicity than previously thought.
(14) While acetaldehyde appeared to be of significantly lesser importance, we could not eliminate it as a factor in metaldehyde toxicity in dogs.
(15) The tumour incidence was not increased in any of the metaldehyde dosage groups.
(16) Acetaldehyde was not detected in the plasma or urine of metaldehyde-dosed dogs, however, it was found in a sample of vomitus from one of the metaldehyde-dosed dogs.
(17) Posterior paralysis appeared in at least 50% of the females on 5000 ppm metaldehyde in all 3 generations.
(18) Metaldehyde was found in plasma and urine of metaldehyde-dosed dogs.
(19) We now report on an extremely sensitive and rapid determination of general volatile carbonyl compounds, including acetaldehyde liberated from metaldehyde, as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone adducts whilst overcoming all of the difficulties and cumbersome manipulation previously needed with these adducts.
(20) Since the review a detailed gas-chromatographic technique specific for metaldehyde has been reported for plasma and urine.