What's the difference between acetaldehyde and paraldehyde?
Acetaldehyde
Definition:
(n.) Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, in this last group, a significant negative relationship between the quantity of acetaldehyde bound to microsomal proteins and the monooxygenase-catalyzed transformation of butanol by liver microsomes was demonstrated (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01).
(2) All pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, the toxicity of which has been reviewed (Lieber 1982).
(3) Acetaldehyde (1-20 mM) was metabolized at high rates and in a dose-dependent manner in isolated human and baboon kidney-cortex tubules.
(4) The method was based on a pre-column reaction; a fluorescent substance was formed by a coupling reaction between 2 mol of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 1 mol of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate.
(5) Acetaldehyde was found to be transported in the blood mainly bound reversibly to 2 components of the red blood cells (RBC): a) hemoglobin, which provides binding of a high affinity, but low capacity, and b) a non-protein component (presumably cysteine), which has a lower affinity but a higher capacity.
(6) Acetaldehyde does not increase the yield of or accelerate ethanol production by the organism.
(7) A significant inhibition of granulocyte chemotaxis was first noted with 0.063% ethanol and 0.016% acetaldehyde.
(8) All-trans retinal reversed the inhibition caused by acetaldehyde and 2-aminobenzaldehyde.
(9) An increase of adrenaline content in the hypothalamus is determined by acetaldehyde.
(10) The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.
(11) Both alcohol oxidation and acetaldehyde reduction follow a compulsory ordered pathway, with coenzyme binding first.
(12) Our results show that the acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis is irreversible under these short term experimental conditions and is not dependent on the physical presence of acetaldehyde in the incubation medium.
(13) Acetaldehyde and acetone were also detected in the irradiated squalene, which may be formed via a 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one intermediate.
(14) No inhibition occurred at 4 degrees C or when acetaldehyde was incubated with dilute hemolysates.
(15) Rat liver membrane vesicles were exposed to acetaldehyde, with or without reduction of the resultant adducts formed.
(16) This work supports the hypothesis that acetaldehyde-modified cells can generate a cellular immune response and may do so in pathologic states.
(17) This study contrasts the binding ability of a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction synthesized in vitro with glycosylated albumin.
(18) Six pairs (1 habitual smoker and 1 nonsmoking control) of volunteers were studied to determine the effect of smoking tobacco on breath and whole blood acetaldehyde levels.
(19) one hour before ethanol), caused increases of up to 23-fold in the hepatic acetaldehyde level, without influencing the cytosolic NAD+:NADH ratio in ethanol dosed rats, while significantly reducing the ethanol elimination rate by up to 44%, compared with controls.
(20) Thus, acetaldehyde by itself cannot account for ethanol-induced EEG synchronization.
Paraldehyde
Definition:
(n.) A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) The authors suggest that the changes in the tinctorial properties of the erythrocytes with reference to paraldehyde-fuchsin indirectly reflect the state of the insulin receptors of the erythrocyte membrane.
(2) A 10% paraldehyde solution is used to mount the light microscopy sections on a slide heated on a hot plate to 80 C; these can be treated with the same techniques used with paraffin sections.
(3) The author describes the morphology and distribution of the neurosecretory cells in the supraoesophageal ganglion of the adult female Culex pipiens molestus, using paraldehyde fuchsin and paraldehyde thionine-paraldehyde fuchsin as vital staining techniques.
(4) This hypothesis was supported by a finding that administration of paraldehyde, a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde, produced an increase (35%) in cytosolic activity, but not in microsomal activity.
(5) However, supplementary pre-medication, in addition to paraldehyde and atropine sulfate, remains necessary to improve the antilethal capacity of the pre-treatment.
(6) Despite positive staining reactions with the presumptive neurosecretory stains, paraldehyde-fuchsin and chrome-alum-hematoxylin, ultrastructurally these glands exhibit many non-neural characteristics.
(7) Granular cells (cells crowded with colourless granules staining with paraldehyde fuchsin according to Gomori-Gabe and not containing calcium) are independent cells in the connective tissue of Helix pomatia.
(8) The cells containing the substance immunoreactive to mammalian anti-insulin serum, can be stained with paraldehyde-fuchsin or alcian blue and give positive PAS reaction.
(9) When rats were administered paraldehyde at this time, status epilepticus was rapidly terminated and all rats survived.
(10) In this sense, several structural features suggest a basal secretory mechanism from the SCO-cells: 1) Positive staining with paraldehyde-fuchsin of secretory material in the pericapillar region of hypendymal vessels and in the basal processes which reach the capillary wall; 2) presence of secretory material within the process endfeet in contact with hypendymal capillaries, and 3) existence of labyrinthis of the basal lamina of the capillaries.
(11) Electron microscopy and paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF) stained paraffin sections revealed partial degranulation of B-cells.
(12) The largest somata in the PL group contain numerous granules that stain with paraldehyde fuchsin.
(13) This episode of status epilepticus was terminated by intravenous lorazepam and paraldehyde, and seizures were subsequently controlled for seven months by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), valproic acid, and phenobarbital.
(14) The constancy of rat EEG during surgical anaesthesia induced by phenobarbital, cholorose, paraldehyde, and inactin was investigated.
(15) After staining with paraldehyde fuchsin, we found purple coloured lumps of irregular shape stored outside the cell bodies, in the neuropil.
(16) From all these structures sharing the same immunoreactivity, only RF was stained by the paraldehyde-fuchsin and periodic-acid-Schiff methods.
(17) Histological examination looking for paraldehyde-fuchsin-positive secretory neurons revealed a paired nucleus preopticus in both normals and eyeless mutants, but this region lacked the emanating paraldehyde-fuchsin-positive fiber tracts in eyeless mutants.
(18) A 24-hour continuous infusion of paraldehyde through the two types of tubing revealed a decrease in concentration attributable to adsorption of 4% with PE and 13% with PVC tubing at 2 hours.
(19) The experiment was done in male rats Wistar strain Morphofunctional status of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system was estimated in paraffin sections, stained with paraldehyde-fuchsine after Gomori- Gabe and additional staining with azan after Heidenhain.
(20) Intramuscular glucose administration produces degranulation of the cytoplasm in these cells: the quantity of cells stainable with paraldehyde-fuchsin significantly decreased 24 hours after glucose injection.