(n.) The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are poisonous.
(n.) An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally.
Example Sentences:
(1) The role of aconitate hydratase as a factor controlling the rate of citrate metabolism in kidney in metabolic alkalosis is discussed.
(2) Other acids such as malonic, shikimic, and t-aconitic acids occurred sporadically.
(3) In cell-free extracts of mycelium forming oxalate and CO2 from added citrate the following enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were identified: citrate synthase CE 4.1.3.7), aconitate hydratase (EC4.2.1.3), NAD and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41, 1.1.1.42), (alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2), succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37).
(4) A minimum of 10 genetic loci collectively encodes isozymes of aconitate hydratase (ACO; EC 4.2.1.3.
(5) Oxalacetate produces a mixed type of inhibition in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aconitate hydratases with different inhibition constants (Ki = 0.3 mM and 1.0 mM, respectively).
(6) Dox was attached to the MAb (1) by an oxidized dextran T40 intermediate, (2) using dilute glutaraldehyde cross-linking, (3) with an acid-sensitive linker using cis-aconitic anhydride and EDCI, a water-soluble carbodiimide, and (4) using EDCI alone.
(7) Since aconitate hydratase is not a key enzyme, these unexpected data are of interest in the study of cancer biochemistry.
(8) Multiple pitfalls could occur during the processing of these herbs that might have predisposed to aconite poisoning.
(9) By using aconitate hydratase solubilized from mitochondria it was found that with citrate as substrate the inhibition by fluorocitrate was partially competitive (K(i)=3.4x10(-8)m), whereas with cis-aconitate as substrate the inhibition was partially non-competitive (K(i)=3.0x10(-8)m).
(10) Acetic acid produced from glucose during exponential growth was further catabolized in the early sporulation phase of growth, at which time the specific activity of aconitate hydratase increased markedly.
(11) Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5 from rabbit skeletal muscle is activated by citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, aspartate, and glutamate.
(12) An ordinary isotope partition experiment was performed to determine the rate of dissociation of the proton from the donor site for the hydration of cis-aconitate.
(13) Studies of substrate specificities indicated that cis-aconitic acid is the best substrate but citric acid can also serve as a substrate.
(14) The increase in procyclin RNA levels requires the temperature shift from 37 degrees C to 27 degrees C and is aided by addition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate.
(15) A lectin was isolated from root tubers of winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) by affinity chromatography on fetuin-agarose, and it was partially characterized with respect to its biochemical, physicochemical and carbohydrate-binding properties.
(16) The effects of synthetic fluorocitrate were studied on: (a) the oxidation of citrate and cis-aconitate by rat liver mitochondria; (b) the activity of the aconitate hydratase found in the liver cell sap; (c) the activity of the aconitate hydratase solubilized from liver mitochondria.
(17) Formation of alpha-methyl-cis-aconitate from synthetic methylcitrate could not be detected spectrophotometrically with the liver aconitase; if it occurs with either the liver or the heart enzyme, the rate would be less than 0.1% that obtained with DL-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate.
(18) Although the oxidation of citrate and cis-aconitate, but not that of isocitrate, was inhibited by fluorocitrate, the exchange of internal citrate for external citrate or l-malate was not.
(19) The results show a similar distribution of aconitate hydratase in both extracts, with specific activities much lower than those found in pig and mouse tissues.
(20) When normalized to body weight (obese mice being 40% heavier) and to creatinine excretion (30% greater in obese mice), however, only the daily excretion of malate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, aconitate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, oxalate, ethylmalonate, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were significantly greater in obese mice.
Aconitine
Definition:
(n.) An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.
Example Sentences:
(1) The reduction in 5-HIAA was transient after potassium infusion, but outlasted the infusion of veratridine or aconitine by several hours.
(2) Aconitine potentiated the contractile response of the guinea-pig vas deferens and increased the tissue Na and Ca content.
(3) Tetrodotoxin-sensitive influx of [14C]guanidinium ion was stimulated by aconitine, veratridine, and batrachotoxin with a K0.5 of 7, 5 and 0.3 microM, respectively, the maximal influx being the same with all toxins.
(4) Suppression of aconitine-induced ventricular tachycardia in the dog with various doses of Bunaftine was attempted.
(5) Aconitine will induce arrhythmias after the fiber has been completely repolarized.
(6) Quinidine, but not propranolol, suppressed atrial arrhythmias produced by topical application of aconitine to the atrium, as well as the ventricular arrhythmias that developed approximately 20 hr following coronary artery ligation.
(7) The substance proved to be active in delaying the onset time of aconitine induced arrhythmias in guinea-pig atria.
(8) When aconitine was applied to two epicardial sites in dogs having quinidine-induced QT interval prolongation greater than 10%, torsades de pointes occurred in 80% of instances.
(9) With the former treatment, the off time constant of the charge movement (tau off Q) was unaffected but with aconitine treatment it was considerably increased although it remained smaller than tau off Na.
(10) Furthermore, an attempt is made to present a detailed analysis of permeability changes underlying normal pacemaker activity in Purkinje fibers as compared with the sinus node or with focal activity induced in myocardial fibers by different influences (aconitine, barium ions, stretch, and strong currents).
(11) The appearance of several forms of aconitine-induced arrhythmias was delayed after subacute treatment with carbon disulfide.
(12) The animal experiments revealed that the time of death due to aconitine was significantly delayed in proportion to the dose of TTX compared with the case for aconitine alone, and that the mortality of aconitine was lowered by TTX when the dose ratio of the two toxins was in a particular range.
(13) The nerve compound action potential was inhibited by hypaconitine (5 microM) and aconitine (2-10 microM), as well as by 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX).
(14) Atrial arrhythmias were induced in experiments on dogs by electrical stimulation or by local application of aconitine and methacholine to the atrium.
(15) A test for inhibition of mortality induced by intravenous injection of aconitine in rats is proposed as a particularly valid method, owing to its simplicity and degree of specificity, for inclusion among the preliminary screening tests for antiarrhythmic activity.
(16) Both, LG 6-101 and LG 6-102 showed strong antiarrhythmic effects against arrhythmias induced on the fifth day by infusion of aconitine (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1).
(17) When the nerve compound action potential was completely blocked by 2 microM aconitine, the muscle action potential was unaffected, although 1 microM TTX suppressed both potentials to the same degree.
(18) route proved to be more potent and longer-acting than disopyramide, propaphenone and mexiletine against supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias induced by chloroform, aconitine, ouabain and halothane-adrenaline.
(19) The aim of the experiments was to examine, in vitro, the role of the enteric nervous system in the relationship between motor activity and transmural potential difference (PD) in the guinea pig jejunum and colon using the nerve blocking agents tetrodotoxin (TTX) and aconitine.
(20) Polyphloretinphosphate markedly reduced the improvement of aconitine arrhythmia by PGs, the decrease of the antidysrhythmic effects of arachidonic and linoleic acid was without statistical significance.