(1) The role of aconitate hydratase as a factor controlling the rate of citrate metabolism in kidney in metabolic alkalosis is discussed.
(2) Other acids such as malonic, shikimic, and t-aconitic acids occurred sporadically.
(3) In cell-free extracts of mycelium forming oxalate and CO2 from added citrate the following enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were identified: citrate synthase CE 4.1.3.7), aconitate hydratase (EC4.2.1.3), NAD and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41, 1.1.1.42), (alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2), succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37).
(4) A minimum of 10 genetic loci collectively encodes isozymes of aconitate hydratase (ACO; EC 4.2.1.3.
(5) Oxalacetate produces a mixed type of inhibition in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aconitate hydratases with different inhibition constants (Ki = 0.3 mM and 1.0 mM, respectively).
(6) Dox was attached to the MAb (1) by an oxidized dextran T40 intermediate, (2) using dilute glutaraldehyde cross-linking, (3) with an acid-sensitive linker using cis-aconitic anhydride and EDCI, a water-soluble carbodiimide, and (4) using EDCI alone.
(7) Since aconitate hydratase is not a key enzyme, these unexpected data are of interest in the study of cancer biochemistry.
(8) Multiple pitfalls could occur during the processing of these herbs that might have predisposed to aconite poisoning.
(9) By using aconitate hydratase solubilized from mitochondria it was found that with citrate as substrate the inhibition by fluorocitrate was partially competitive (K(i)=3.4x10(-8)m), whereas with cis-aconitate as substrate the inhibition was partially non-competitive (K(i)=3.0x10(-8)m).
(10) Acetic acid produced from glucose during exponential growth was further catabolized in the early sporulation phase of growth, at which time the specific activity of aconitate hydratase increased markedly.
(11) Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5 from rabbit skeletal muscle is activated by citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, aspartate, and glutamate.
(12) An ordinary isotope partition experiment was performed to determine the rate of dissociation of the proton from the donor site for the hydration of cis-aconitate.
(13) Studies of substrate specificities indicated that cis-aconitic acid is the best substrate but citric acid can also serve as a substrate.
(14) The increase in procyclin RNA levels requires the temperature shift from 37 degrees C to 27 degrees C and is aided by addition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate.
(15) A lectin was isolated from root tubers of winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) by affinity chromatography on fetuin-agarose, and it was partially characterized with respect to its biochemical, physicochemical and carbohydrate-binding properties.
(16) The effects of synthetic fluorocitrate were studied on: (a) the oxidation of citrate and cis-aconitate by rat liver mitochondria; (b) the activity of the aconitate hydratase found in the liver cell sap; (c) the activity of the aconitate hydratase solubilized from liver mitochondria.
(17) Formation of alpha-methyl-cis-aconitate from synthetic methylcitrate could not be detected spectrophotometrically with the liver aconitase; if it occurs with either the liver or the heart enzyme, the rate would be less than 0.1% that obtained with DL-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate.
(18) Although the oxidation of citrate and cis-aconitate, but not that of isocitrate, was inhibited by fluorocitrate, the exchange of internal citrate for external citrate or l-malate was not.
(19) The results show a similar distribution of aconitate hydratase in both extracts, with specific activities much lower than those found in pig and mouse tissues.
(20) When normalized to body weight (obese mice being 40% heavier) and to creatinine excretion (30% greater in obese mice), however, only the daily excretion of malate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, aconitate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, oxalate, ethylmalonate, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were significantly greater in obese mice.