What's the difference between acrolein and propenal?
Acrolein
Definition:
(n.) A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating.
Example Sentences:
(1) The inhibitors did not potentiate the cytotoxic action of the oxazaphosphorines, non-oxazaphosphorines, or acrolein toward CFU-GM.
(2) Two putative end products of the system, hydrogen peroxide and acrolein, both killed C. neoformans at concentrations attainable with the whole system.
(3) In the first portion of the study, a rabbit antiserum to TH was immunocytochemically localized in coronal sections through the lateral PBR from acrolein-fixed brains using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method.
(4) Depending on the ligand, the inhibition profiles of these two iso-enzymes when measured with either the peroxidase substrate, cumene hydroperoxide or the standard GSH S-transferase substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were found to be either very similar (sulphobromophthalein) or markedly different (rose Bengal and acrolein).
(5) This material was mixed with a 32P-labeled digest of acrolein-polydeoxyadenylic acid, and the sample was analyzed by ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography.
(6) Acrolein-fixed, polyester wax-embedded tissue sections showed excellent preservation of light microscopic architecture and, when stained with toluidine blue, intense color contrast between DNA, which stained orthochromatically, and RNA, which stained metachromatically.
(7) Collectively, these results indicate that the glutathione-acrolein adduct formed after exposure to acrolein, or as a result of allyl alcohol oxidation and cyclophosphamide metabolism, can be oxidized by hepatic ALDH or ADH, respectively.
(8) A detailed literature review of human and animal toxicity studies of acrolein is presented, and information gaps identified that call for further investigation.
(9) The glutathione-acrolein adduct is also subject to reductive metabolism by rat liver ALH.
(10) In what concerns the respiratory apparatus, this dose of acrolein affects its defense mechanisms, leading to a greater susceptibility to the airborne Salmonella enteritidis infection, compared to the control group.
(11) The kinetics of binding the enzymes glucose oxidase, trypsin, and peroxidase and also bovine gamma-globulin to the macroporous carriers dialdehyde cellulose, diazotized amino polystyrene, acrolein-acrylamide copolymer, and isothiocyanate groups carrying CPG-glass was studied.
(12) Biochemical and biological effects and chemical properties of three alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes [acrolein (I), 4-hydroxypentenal (II), and 4-hydroxyundecenal (III)] were compared.
(13) It is generally believed that acrolein, generated out of allyl alcohol by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase, is responsible for this toxicity.
(14) FANFT followed by uracil produced an incidence of 70% carcinomas and 30% papillomas, clearly indicating that it is a much more potent initiating agent than acrolein.
(15) The concentration-response curve and the spectrum of malformations produced by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide resembled those previously reported for phosphoramide mustard, while the concentration-response curve and types of malformations produced by 4-hydroperoxydechlorocyclophosphamide more closely resembled those observed with acrolein.
(16) Significantly, the GSH peroxidase activity of the fetal iso-enzyme was far less susceptible to inhibition by the teratogen, acrolein, than that of the YcYc isoenzyme.
(17) Acrolein had no effect on platelet responses to ADP, epinephrine, collagen or the ionophore A23187.
(18) Callus and cell suspensions of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus taeda fixed in glutaraldehyde:acrolein and then OsO4, followed by epoxy embedding, were sectioned 0.5 mum thick, stained on a glass slide with ethanolic Sudan black B at 60 C as described by Bronner, and then mounted in Karo syrup.
(19) Acute toxicity is believed to involve metabolism of allylamine to highly reactive acrolein (2-propenal).
(20) The findings are regarded as the consequence of the toxic action or acrolein that originates after allyl alcohol oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase.