What's the difference between actinometer and radiation?

Actinometer


Definition:

  • (n.) An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's rays.
  • (n.) An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The quantum yield of the primary photoprocess in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (phi 1) was determined at room temperature with low-intensity 530 nm neodymium laser excitation, with bovine rhodopsin as a relative actinometer.
  • (2) The irradiation dose was determined by a modified potassium ferrioxalate actinometer according to Calvert and Pitts.
  • (3) The radiation in the visible and ultraviolet regions from submerged, transient electrical arcs was measured with a K(3)Fe(C(2)O(4))(3) chemical actinometer and was compared to the bactericidal effect obtained with the same electrical arrangements.

Radiation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.
  • (n.) The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Recently, it has been shown that radiation therapy, alone or combined with chemotherapy, can be successful.
  • (2) Sixteen patients were operated on for lumbar pain and pain radiating into the sciatic nerve distribution.
  • (3) Because of the small number of patients reported in the world literature and lack of controlled studies, the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx remains controversial; this retrospective analysis suggests that combination chemotherapy plus radiation offers the best chance for cure.
  • (4) Breast conserving surgery in patients with small tumors combined with radiation therapy has gained wide popularity due to better cosmetic results without significant changes in survival.
  • (5) A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to characterize the spatial and energy distribution of bremsstrahlung radiation from beta point sources important to radioimmunotherapy (RIT).
  • (6) While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia.
  • (7) 11 patients with a postoperative classification of stage D had additional external beam radiation to the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes with shielding of the implanted prostatic region.
  • (8) Data are shown for both mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, indicating that, in this respect, even the smallest average organ absorbed dose can be effective, particularly for high-LET radiation.
  • (9) Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated rapidly and transiently following ionizing radiation exposure and is postulated to activate downstream nuclear signal transducers.
  • (10) It was found that there was a substantial increase in mortality rates in the area under the jets where there was large noise radiation.
  • (11) This was treated with local radiation therapy consisting of 2700 rads administered in 15 fractions during a period of 28 days.
  • (12) This linkage information was used to design complementation tests to determine allelism with previously characterized complementation groups affecting sensitivity to radiation.
  • (13) There was good agreement between the survival of normally oxygenated cells in culture and bright cells from tumors and between hypoxic cells in culture and dim cells from tumors over a radiation dosage range of 2-5 Gray.
  • (14) At the completion of radiation therapy, nine patients had negative biopsies.
  • (15) It has a poor prognosis prior to the current combined treatment of surgical ablation, radiation to the surgical field, and chemotherapy for microscopic metastases.
  • (16) Radiation exposure resulted in further significant decrease of T-cell count (but not B cells) in the elderly.
  • (17) This study reviewed 148 patients who had received radiation for head and neck cancer.
  • (18) The significantly lower radiation sensitivity of FL-marker than that of infectivity indicates that only part of the genome is responsible for the FL-marker.
  • (19) Treatment modalities included: partial temporal bone resection, subtotal temporal bone resection, total temporal bone resection, radical mastoidectomy followed by radiation therapy, radiation therapy alone, and chemotherapy.
  • (20) In addition, a new dosage concepts has been introduced on the basis of the effective dose on the lines of the recommendations by the IRCP; as a result, the definitions of radiation protection areas and of dosage limit values had to be revised and reworded.