What's the difference between adiabatic and isothermal?
Adiabatic
Definition:
(a.) Not giving out or receiving heat.
Example Sentences:
(1) The myocardium was assumed to be composed of a nonlinear viscoelastic, inhomogeneous, anisotropic (transversely isotropic) and incompressible material operating under adiabatic and isothermal conditions.
(2) The method involves a procedure in which the static pressure of the sample is altered in a short period of time, to approximate an adiabatic process, during which the ultrasonic velocity is measured.
(3) The technique is simple; one uses the echo generated by any pair of identical selective adiabatic inversion pulses.
(4) The following hydration parameters for the atomic groups of the nucleosides, reflecting the state of water in the hydration shells of these groups, have been analyzed: (1) the contribution of ribose to the values of the concentration increment of ultrasound velocity A, the apparent molar volumes phi v and apparent molar adiabatic compressibilities phi ks of nucleosides; (2) contributions of the CH3, NH2 and O = ... -H groups of nucleic bases to the A, phi v and phi ks values of nucleosides and free nucleic bases; (3) contributions of the 2'-OH group of ribose to the values of A, phi v and phi ks nucleosides; (4) changes in the A values of nucleosides and free nucleic bases upon their protonation and deprotonation.
(5) We also have designed a two-dimensional adiabatic pulse that inverts selectively in frequency and in one spatial dimension.
(6) As compared to an air-filled plethysmograph, its advantages were greater sensitivity, less thermal drift, and no change from adiabatic to isothermal conditions after a stepwise change of pressure.
(7) Thermal denaturation of natural DNA in the absence and presence of antitumor anthracycline antibiotics has been studied by adiabatic differential scanning calorimetry.
(8) The rat carcasses were subsequently analysed for TBN by Kjeldahl digestion, for total body water (TBW) by loss of weight after freeze-drying and for body fat by adiabatic bomb calorimetry after subtraction of protein energy.
(9) The adiabatic compressibility of oxidized thioredoxin was also much larger (9.8-18 x 10(-12) cm2 dyne-1) than that of the reduced protein (3.8-7.3 x 10(-12)).
(10) Adiabatic pulses were employed to provide homogeneous B1 excitation and frequency selective refocusing over the volume of the rat brain.
(11) NMR data were acquired in a transmural fashion by restricting the signal to a column perpendicular to the heart wall using B0 gradients and obtaining spectroscopic spatial resolution along the third dimension using the B1 gradient and adiabatic excitation.
(12) When these systems mutually form a feedback loop under the adiabatic condition, the rate equation of self-organization is described by a generalized Gibbs' free energy change delta U (delta x) followed by the reaction.
(13) Using the technique of separable k-space excitation, we have designed a two-dimensional selective adiabatic pulse that inverts magnetization from a square region in the xy plane with insensitivity to RF variations.
(14) The construction of an adiabatic flow calorimeter using water as the working substance is described.
(15) After adiabatic relaxation with rigid geometry, the map with ECEPP, and the map with AMBER using a distance-dependent dielectric constant, agreed fairly well apart from differences in the relative energies of the alpha R, alpha L, and C7ax regions.
(16) Thermodynamic studies on highly purified viroid preparations were carried out with the help of a very sensitive adiabatic microcalorimeter.
(17) Ensembles of trajectories were calculated for each of the five local minimum energy conformations identified in the adiabatic conformational energy mapping of this molecule.
(18) Thermal denaturation of chromatin has been investigated in the presence of Ca2+ ions by adiabatic scanning microcalorimetryc and thermomechanical methods.
(19) The flexibility of the oligomers and of their complexes is calculated by adiabatic mapping with respect to the total winding angle.
(20) All experiments were executed with adiabatic pulses which induced uniform spin excitation despite the inhomogeneous radiofrequency field distribution produced by the surface coil transmitter.
Isothermal
Definition:
(a.) Relating to equality of temperature.
(a.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart.
Example Sentences:
(1) The myocardium was assumed to be composed of a nonlinear viscoelastic, inhomogeneous, anisotropic (transversely isotropic) and incompressible material operating under adiabatic and isothermal conditions.
(2) Scatchard analysis of the binding isotherms indicated a lower Bmax of the binding sites in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of 8 and 14 weeks old SHR rats.
(3) Preliminary heating patterns studied in phantoms indicate the possibility of treating volumes greater than 2000 cm3 within the 50 per cent isotherm.
(4) By using LIGAND computerized program, the saturation isotherm binding pattern indicates a single type of binding.
(5) Scatchard plots of saturation isotherm data were consistently linear and the mean Kd value determined from 10 such experiments was 0.72 nM in frontal cortex and 0.82 nM in lumbar spinal cord.
(6) q(i) is the fractional free solute space, C(RP) (i) the RP concentration, (max)C(c) (2) (i) the concentration of binding sites, and the function f is satisfied by the Langmuir isotherm.
(7) For highly nonlinear isotherms, the frontal elution method is preferred.
(8) The model assumes that MAb permeates into tumor unidirectionally from plasma across capillaries and clears from tumor by interstitial fluid flow and that interstitial antibody-antigen interactions are characterized by the Langmuir isotherm for reversible, saturable binding.
(9) The shape of the binding isotherms, as well as fluorescence energy transfer measurements, suggests that some aggregation of membrane-bound peptide monomers occurs in acidic but not in zwitterionic vesicles.
(10) 2.5% by weight at the plateau; and (4) a vertical initial slope of the isotherm.
(11) A portion of the upper organic layer is chromatographed for 5 min isothermally on a packed column (3% SP2250) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
(12) The thermographs showed a pattern of ellipsoidal isotherms (major axis horizontal) approximately concentric about a temperature apex (coldest point) which was slightly inferior to the geometric center of the cornea (GCC).
(13) It is important, therefore, to recognize the temperature- and time-dependence of the structure of starch materials, if non-isothermal techniques are used for their characterization.
(14) The isothermal isorheological line and isothermal superelevation are described.
(15) The sequence of phase transformations during isothermal aging below the critical temperature, Tc = 825 K, was described as follows: disordered solid solution alpha 0 (FCC)----metastable AuCu I' ordered phase (FCT)----metastable alpha 2 disordered phase (FCC) equilibrium AuCu I ordered phase (FCT) + equilibrium alpha 2 disordered phase (FCC).
(16) This product shows an Arrhenius line fit for the stability of its activity when tested at multiple isothermal temperatures (25-80 degrees C).
(17) Displacement isotherms for amidephrine, benoxathian, oxymetazoline, phentolamine and WB 4101 were biphasic and were consistent with the presence of both alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptor subtypes as described by Morrow & Creese (1986) and Han et al.
(18) The real equilibrium values obtained by using the complete time-concentration model of adsorption were fitted according to the respective adsorption isotherms by non-linear regression.
(19) Binding isotherms were constructed for the binding of synthetic tetrapeptide and pentapeptide fragments to membranes prepared from chicken cerebellar tissue.
(20) The physicochemical solution properties of the galactoglucan excreted by Rhizobium meliloti strain YE-2(S1) have been investigated by capillary viscometry, potentiometric titration, isothermal mixing microcalorimetry, and circular dichroism.