(n.) A substance added to an immunogenic agent to enhance the production of antibodies.
(n.) A substance added to a formulation of a drug which enhances the effect of the active ingredient.
(a.) Helping; helpful; assisting.
(n.) An assistant.
(n.) An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.
Example Sentences:
(1) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(2) Psychiatric morbidity is further increased when adjuvant chemotherapy is used and when treatment results in persistent arm pain and swelling.
(3) A young man being treated with primary adjuvant Adriamycin and DDP for osteogenic sarcoma is described who developed a gingival line which temporally was related to DDP administration.
(4) Adjuvant radiation therapy can often improve the results obtained with surgical excision alone.
(5) This result is equivalent to the best adjuvant chemotherapy results reported to date.
(6) This experimental study shows that vitamin A in high doses has an adjuvant effect, that is aggravating considerably the immunologic arthritis induced in the Wistar rat.
(7) The effects of gold thioglucose loading on Se distribution, and on Se-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase, were examined in rats fed three dietary levels of Se (0, 0.2, and 2.0 ppm), and with or without adjuvant-induced inflammation.
(8) They were given to volunteers by the subcutaneous route with and without the addition of Al (OH)3 as adjuvant.
(9) Despite use of surgical adjuvants, pelvic adhesions frequently develop following infertility surgery.
(10) Effective adjuvanticity as measured by the titre of the anti-peptide or anti-protein response in mice varied in the order: Algammulin, Montanide ISA 50 greater than or equal to Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA 708, 721, 70 much greater than alum, Squalene Arlacel greater than SAF-1.
(11) However, it remains clear that new and innovative techniques are necessary in the therapeutic, adjuvant, and palliative settings in the comprehensive care of the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
(12) Mice (C57BL) infected with the intestinal nematode Nematospiroides dubius showed depressed delayed type hypersensitivity responses to ovalbumin administered subcutaneously in Freund's complete adjuvant.
(13) The cells transferred were of three types, normal spleen cells, T cell-enriched spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with testis homogenate (TH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and given an extract of Bordetella pertussis (BP) and the latter cells activated by in vitro culture with TH antigen for 48 h. Controls were given buffer alone.
(14) Embolization was considered an adjuvant procedure; carried out to reduce the size of the malformation or eliminate the deep arterial supply to it prior to excision.
(15) The fourth rabbit repeatedly developed a small abscess at the implantation site, but the lesions were less severe than complete Freund's adjuvant injection sites.
(16) Inbred strain 2 and random-bred guinea pigs injected oxazolone in incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvant showed contact reactions within an hour after topical application when tested 3 weeks post-sensititization.
(17) This paper reports on the incorporation of acid phosphatase histochemistry with a quantitative technique designed to measure the percentage of histochemically-localized enzyme-reactive cells found in adjuvant arthritic articular cartilage, synovial membrane and bone marrow.
(18) Disturbance of the arterial circulation in the ipsilateral upper limb following mastectomy is a rare sequel attributed to adjuvant radiotherapy.
(19) Of 10 patients presenting with Stage I disease, eight were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
(20) The transfer of spleen cells from adjuvant cyclophosphamide-treated mice to tumor-inoculated normal mice significantly delayed tumor appearance when comparison was made with animals treated by operation alone, and such recipients also exhibited a more prolonged survival.
Contributory
Definition:
(a.) Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock; contributive.
(n.) One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.
Example Sentences:
(1) We attribute this in part to early diagnosis by computed tomography (CT), but a contributory factor may be earlier referrals from country centres to a paediatric trauma centre and rapid transfer, by air or road, by medical retrieval teams.
(2) It is suggested that reduced immunocompetence is the likely mechanism in this case and may also be a contributory factor in those cases which have been ascribed to the use of alkylating agents or radiation.
(3) Each is a failure by the state to protect the young people concerned, made all the greater because the same criticisms have occurred time and time again.” Harris said his review found that understaffing was a contributory issue.
(4) Nine factors have been isolated whose varying combinations were most contributory to the risk of the development of CS in the studied population: cardiac diseases, transient disorder of the cerebral circulation, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, aggravated heredity for cardiovascular diseases, intermittent claudication, diabetes mellitus, systematic alcohol abuse, and hypodynamia.
(5) This case implies the significance of detecting diabetes mellitus as a contributory factor for labial adhesions.
(6) The adaptation to the increased activities of the survived muscles and motoneurons might be contributory to the transformation, which is already known to occur in normal subjects during the endurance training.
(7) We have shown that the major contributory factor to the inhibitory effect of sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) could be the soluble form of Interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R).
(8) In addition, it proposes a modification of the standard dural closure that may reduce the incidence of contributory adhesive arachnoiditis by the creation of a capacious cerebrospinal fluid space about the neural plaque.
(9) Indeed, the largest single welfare savings measure so far introduced by this government was the time-limiting of contributory employment and support allowance, which will save £2bn per year and in effect means the end of the largest remaining part of the working-age benefit system that could meaningfully be described as contributions-based.
(10) The differences in left ventricular remodeling and changes in function between patients with aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation in the early postoperative period most probably relates to the major difference in intraoperative reduction in afterload, although a contributory role may have been played by the preoperative left ventricular dysfunction in those with aortic regurgitation that was underestimated by measurement of ejection fraction.
(11) This is the first study to demonstrate an effector T cell response to CT. A role for T cell reactions in the intestinal mucosa must now be examined as a potential contributory mechanism in the prevention of choleraic diarrhoea.
(12) The former soldiers we spoke to, and their families, fear a report that will understate combat-related PTSD as a contributory factor.
(13) Differences in thrombogenicity between cuprophane and silicone rubber as well as different flow characteristics in the two situations were probably contributory.
(14) Although the patient had had previous abdominal surgery, she had no adhesions that were considered contributory to the obstructive process at surgery; the deflated bubble did not deflate enough to traverse the distal ileum.
(15) A contributory role of the 10.5-kb allele in genetic IDDM susceptibility was supported by the sibpair analysis, in which all were TNF-beta identical.
(16) We hypothesized that bingeing and vomiting behavior could be contributory because food consumption in healthy volunteers increases plasma cortisol and prolactin secretion and suppresses growth hormone secretion.
(17) Furthermore, these data might implicate increased local bowel blood flow as a contributory factor to the poorer long-term prognosis found in patients with large-bowel cancer presenting with intestinal obstruction.
(18) Although these differences remained after adjustment for a number of important variables, it is possible that factors not measured in the present study, e.g., economic status and occupation, played a contributory role.
(19) If the tested diuretics were subdivided into two groups according to their different modes of action, where furosemide, ethacrynic acid and amiloride represent sodium transport inhibitors, and acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone (contributory action of the two latter) are inhibitors of carbanhydrase, the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.96) between reduction of shell thickness and egg production was found for sodium transport inhibitors.
(20) Thus, while consistent with VIP being a contributory agent to the secretion of pancreatic cholera, the data do not support the notion that pancreatic polypeptide might be a causative agent in this syndrome.