(n.) A substance added to an immunogenic agent to enhance the production of antibodies.
(n.) A substance added to a formulation of a drug which enhances the effect of the active ingredient.
(a.) Helping; helpful; assisting.
(n.) An assistant.
(n.) An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.
Example Sentences:
(1) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(2) Psychiatric morbidity is further increased when adjuvant chemotherapy is used and when treatment results in persistent arm pain and swelling.
(3) A young man being treated with primary adjuvant Adriamycin and DDP for osteogenic sarcoma is described who developed a gingival line which temporally was related to DDP administration.
(4) Adjuvant radiation therapy can often improve the results obtained with surgical excision alone.
(5) This result is equivalent to the best adjuvant chemotherapy results reported to date.
(6) This experimental study shows that vitamin A in high doses has an adjuvant effect, that is aggravating considerably the immunologic arthritis induced in the Wistar rat.
(7) The effects of gold thioglucose loading on Se distribution, and on Se-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase, were examined in rats fed three dietary levels of Se (0, 0.2, and 2.0 ppm), and with or without adjuvant-induced inflammation.
(8) They were given to volunteers by the subcutaneous route with and without the addition of Al (OH)3 as adjuvant.
(9) Despite use of surgical adjuvants, pelvic adhesions frequently develop following infertility surgery.
(10) Effective adjuvanticity as measured by the titre of the anti-peptide or anti-protein response in mice varied in the order: Algammulin, Montanide ISA 50 greater than or equal to Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA 708, 721, 70 much greater than alum, Squalene Arlacel greater than SAF-1.
(11) However, it remains clear that new and innovative techniques are necessary in the therapeutic, adjuvant, and palliative settings in the comprehensive care of the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
(12) Mice (C57BL) infected with the intestinal nematode Nematospiroides dubius showed depressed delayed type hypersensitivity responses to ovalbumin administered subcutaneously in Freund's complete adjuvant.
(13) The cells transferred were of three types, normal spleen cells, T cell-enriched spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with testis homogenate (TH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and given an extract of Bordetella pertussis (BP) and the latter cells activated by in vitro culture with TH antigen for 48 h. Controls were given buffer alone.
(14) Embolization was considered an adjuvant procedure; carried out to reduce the size of the malformation or eliminate the deep arterial supply to it prior to excision.
(15) The fourth rabbit repeatedly developed a small abscess at the implantation site, but the lesions were less severe than complete Freund's adjuvant injection sites.
(16) Inbred strain 2 and random-bred guinea pigs injected oxazolone in incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvant showed contact reactions within an hour after topical application when tested 3 weeks post-sensititization.
(17) This paper reports on the incorporation of acid phosphatase histochemistry with a quantitative technique designed to measure the percentage of histochemically-localized enzyme-reactive cells found in adjuvant arthritic articular cartilage, synovial membrane and bone marrow.
(18) Disturbance of the arterial circulation in the ipsilateral upper limb following mastectomy is a rare sequel attributed to adjuvant radiotherapy.
(19) Of 10 patients presenting with Stage I disease, eight were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
(20) The transfer of spleen cells from adjuvant cyclophosphamide-treated mice to tumor-inoculated normal mice significantly delayed tumor appearance when comparison was made with animals treated by operation alone, and such recipients also exhibited a more prolonged survival.
Secondary
Definition:
(a.) Suceeding next in order to the first; of second place, origin, rank, rank, etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of the first order or rate.
(a.) Acting by deputation or delegated authority; as, the work of secondary hands.
(a.) Possessing some quality, or having been subject to some operation (as substitution), in the second degree; as, a secondary salt, a secondary amine, etc. Cf. primary.
(a.) Subsequent in origin; -- said of minerals produced by alteertion or deposition subsequent to the formation of the original rocks mass; also of characters of minerals (as secondary cleavage, etc.) developed by pressure or other causes.
(a.) Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a bird.
(a.) Dependent or consequent upon another disease; as, Bright's disease is often secondary to scarlet fever. (b) Occuring in the second stage of a disease; as, the secondary symptoms of syphilis.
(n.) One who occupies a subordinate, inferior, or auxiliary place; a delegate deputy; one who is second or next to the chief officer; as, the secondary, or undersheriff of the city of London.
(n.) A secondary circle.
(n.) A satellite.
(n.) A secondary quill.
Example Sentences:
(1) This difference is probably secondary to the different rates of delivery of furosemide into urine.
(2) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(3) The secondary leukemia that occurred in these patients could be distinguished from the secondary leukemia that occurs after treatment with alkylating agents by the following: a shorter latency period; a predominance of monocytic or myelomonocytic features; and frequent cytogenetic abnormalities involving 11q23.
(4) Results in May 89 emphasizes: the relevance and urgency of the prevention of AIDS in secondary schools; the importance of the institutional aspect for the continuity of the project; the involvement of the pupils and the trainers for the processus; the feasibility of an intervention using only local resources.
(5) Implantation of the mouse embryo involves the invasion of the secondary trophoblast giant cells of the ectoplacental cone (EPC) into the uterine decidua.
(6) The blockade of H2 receptors is the primary action of these drugs; however, they possess also secondary actions which may represent untoward effects but in some cases may be actually useful (increase in prostaglandin synthesis, inhibition of LTB4 synthesis, etc.)
(7) The move would require some secondary legislation; higher fines for employers paying less than the minimum wage would require new primary legislation.
(8) Therefore, the measurement of the alpha-antitrypsin content plays the crucial part in differential diagnosis of primary (hereditary determined) and secondary (obstructive) emphysema.
(9) As many girls as boys receive primary and secondary education, maternal mortality is lower and the birth rate is falling .
(10) It was concluded that B. pertussis infection-induced hypoglycaemia was secondary to hyperinsulinaemia, possibly caused by an exaggerated insulin secretory response to food intake.
(11) A large, calcified paratracheal mass was identified in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
(12) In contrast, castration during pseudopregnancy did not abolish the secondary peaks.
(13) These results suggest that changes in pituitary and testicular function in rats made diabetic by STZ treatment are secondary to changes in hypothalamic catecholamine metabolism.
(14) In contrast, newly formed secondary myotubes are short cells which insert solely into the primary myotubes by a series of complex interdigitating folds along which adhering junctions occur.
(15) On the other hand, the compound was more potent on secondary or late stage than on primary stage of inflammation, and to some extent showed the mode of action seen with steroid antiinflammatory drugs.
(16) Four had partial simple seizures with secondary generalisation and 3 had cortical excisions (2 frontal, 1 occipital lobe) surgery.
(17) Slides and short films were used in primary and secondary schools.
(18) It is not known whether the deposits are primary or secondary events, but they may be of importance in initiating or maintaining derangement in heart function.
(19) The LSCC-H32 cells were demonstrated to be as susceptible for most of the tested viruses as were secondary chicken embryo cells.
(20) From a clinical standpoint, it is clear that psychiatrists caring for anxious patients must be aware of the possibility of secondary alcohol abuse.