(n.) A substance added to an immunogenic agent to enhance the production of antibodies.
(n.) A substance added to a formulation of a drug which enhances the effect of the active ingredient.
(a.) Helping; helpful; assisting.
(n.) An assistant.
(n.) An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.
Example Sentences:
(1) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(2) Psychiatric morbidity is further increased when adjuvant chemotherapy is used and when treatment results in persistent arm pain and swelling.
(3) A young man being treated with primary adjuvant Adriamycin and DDP for osteogenic sarcoma is described who developed a gingival line which temporally was related to DDP administration.
(4) Adjuvant radiation therapy can often improve the results obtained with surgical excision alone.
(5) This result is equivalent to the best adjuvant chemotherapy results reported to date.
(6) This experimental study shows that vitamin A in high doses has an adjuvant effect, that is aggravating considerably the immunologic arthritis induced in the Wistar rat.
(7) The effects of gold thioglucose loading on Se distribution, and on Se-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase, were examined in rats fed three dietary levels of Se (0, 0.2, and 2.0 ppm), and with or without adjuvant-induced inflammation.
(8) They were given to volunteers by the subcutaneous route with and without the addition of Al (OH)3 as adjuvant.
(9) Despite use of surgical adjuvants, pelvic adhesions frequently develop following infertility surgery.
(10) Effective adjuvanticity as measured by the titre of the anti-peptide or anti-protein response in mice varied in the order: Algammulin, Montanide ISA 50 greater than or equal to Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA 708, 721, 70 much greater than alum, Squalene Arlacel greater than SAF-1.
(11) However, it remains clear that new and innovative techniques are necessary in the therapeutic, adjuvant, and palliative settings in the comprehensive care of the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
(12) Mice (C57BL) infected with the intestinal nematode Nematospiroides dubius showed depressed delayed type hypersensitivity responses to ovalbumin administered subcutaneously in Freund's complete adjuvant.
(13) The cells transferred were of three types, normal spleen cells, T cell-enriched spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with testis homogenate (TH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and given an extract of Bordetella pertussis (BP) and the latter cells activated by in vitro culture with TH antigen for 48 h. Controls were given buffer alone.
(14) Embolization was considered an adjuvant procedure; carried out to reduce the size of the malformation or eliminate the deep arterial supply to it prior to excision.
(15) The fourth rabbit repeatedly developed a small abscess at the implantation site, but the lesions were less severe than complete Freund's adjuvant injection sites.
(16) Inbred strain 2 and random-bred guinea pigs injected oxazolone in incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvant showed contact reactions within an hour after topical application when tested 3 weeks post-sensititization.
(17) This paper reports on the incorporation of acid phosphatase histochemistry with a quantitative technique designed to measure the percentage of histochemically-localized enzyme-reactive cells found in adjuvant arthritic articular cartilage, synovial membrane and bone marrow.
(18) Disturbance of the arterial circulation in the ipsilateral upper limb following mastectomy is a rare sequel attributed to adjuvant radiotherapy.
(19) Of 10 patients presenting with Stage I disease, eight were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
(20) The transfer of spleen cells from adjuvant cyclophosphamide-treated mice to tumor-inoculated normal mice significantly delayed tumor appearance when comparison was made with animals treated by operation alone, and such recipients also exhibited a more prolonged survival.
Subordinate
Definition:
(a.) Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position.
(a.) Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the like.
(n.) One who stands in order or rank below another; -- distinguished from a principal.
(v. t.) To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.
(v. t.) To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the passions to reason.
Example Sentences:
(1) There were no significant effects of chlordiazepoxide treatment on the behaviour of subordinate rats.
(2) Here we show that the subsequent survival and reproductive success of subordinate female red deer is depressed more by rearing sons than by rearing daughters, whereas the subsequent fitness of dominant females is unaffected by the sex of their present offspring.
(3) Compared to socially dominant females, socially subordinate females had fewer ovulatory menstrual cycles, more cycles with deficient luteal phase plasma progesterone concentrations, increased adrenal weights and increased heart weights.
(4) In none of the constructs were TG sequences folded in a positioned nucleosome, demonstrating that the rotational setting played a subordinate role in the rough positioning in vivo.
(5) Allogrooming was more frequent among subordinates than among dominants and subordinates.
(6) The clashes between the moralistic Levin and his friend Oblonsky, sometimes affectionate, sometimes angry, and Levin's linkage of modernity to Oblonsky's attitudes – that social mores are to be worked around and subordinated to pleasure, that families are base camps for off-base nooky – undermine one possible reading of Anna Karenina , in which Anna is a martyr in the struggle for the modern sexual freedoms that we take for granted, taken down by the hypocritical conservative elite to which she, her lover and her husband belong.
(7) When mice were isolated, no differences were found between the behavior of those that later became alphas and those that became subordinates.
(8) Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine samples obtained from anesthetized subjects did not differ between dominant and subordinate males.
(9) Existing services and underutilized because of illiteracy, the most important factor, cultural practices, religious practices, and the subordinate status of women.
(10) In the proposed model medicine of catastrophes should consist of organization-methodological centres, regional organs of management and various functional elements, possessed of flexible structure of coordination and subordination.
(11) Results of these studies allow the conclusion, that hypertrophy is a reaction of arterial smooth muscle cells to an increased mechanical load in hypertension which, in turn, is responsible for the thickening of arterial with Hyperplasia - increase in smooth muscle cells' number in the media - played a subordinate role.
(12) Also analogues seem to be the producing of the so-called instinctives as mam(m)a and papa by somewhat older babies which are able to pass over from the babbling into permanent words of the adults' speech in which they persist if used without shifting of sounds since they are produced de novo generation by generation, but they are subordinate to shifting and possible extinction if used in the form of derivatives in the standard language, and some phenomena of the phylogenesis as the survival of less differentiated species contrary to the relatively quick extinction of the highly specialized ones.
(13) The article describes the following results: 1) The majority of those who responded, particularly workers in subordinate positions, were of the opinion that firms, management and co-workers were rather unwilling to accept the physically disabled as competitive and equal employees and colleagues.
(14) Specialty interests cover the whole range of medicine but in most instances are subordinate to the claims of general medicine.
(15) These observations are interpreted in light of behavioral data suggesting that these subordinate males are under sustained social stress.
(16) These data show nonspecific protection against tumor recurrence because of alloimmunization but clearly demonstrate the subordination of any beneficial colon cancer TSA immunotherapeutic effect by contained histocompatibility antigens.
(17) The older mother-adult child relationship may be characterized by a power differential, such that some older mothers feel subordinate to their adult children.
(18) The dominant male in FFF groups displaced subordinates less frequently than did the dominant older male in AFF groups early in the season, but equally frequently later.
(19) In addition to understanding one's subordinates and peers, the effective manager understands the organizational forces that exist in the workplace.
(20) Historically, social work in hospitals has been subordinate to the medical profession.