(1) Three trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol [DON], 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol [15-ADON], and nivalenol [NIV]) and zearalenone (ZEA) were detected in corn samples, and DON, NIV, and ZEA were found in wheat samples.
(2) Parameters monitored during the fermentation were deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) production, fungal mass, carbohydrate utilization, and pH.
(3) 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), a biosynthetic precursor of deoxynivalenol (DON), was extracted from rice cultures of Fusarium graminearum R6576 and purified.
(4) Future risk assessments for DON should therefore include consideration of 15-ADON occurrence and toxicity.
(5) Risk assessments for DON should therefore consider the potential for 15-ADON occurrence and toxicity in food and feed.
(6) The results indicate that 15-ADON was more or less toxic than DON depending on the route of administration.
(7) Growing female B6C3F1 mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ppm 15-ADON over 56 days and assessed for effects on feed intake, body-weight gain, terminal organ weights and blood clotting function.
(8) After a short review of the current mammographic techniques, the main features of synchroton radiation in the X-ray field are analyzed, especially of that emitted by the Adone storage ring.
(9) Compared with Shangqiu corn, the incidence and mean level of DON in Linxian were 2.4 and 5.8 times higher, respectively, and those of 15-ADON were 16.3 and 2.6 times higher, respectively.
(10) Although mice treated with 15-ADON had significantly decreased bleeding times, other measurements of clotting function indicated no differences between the control and treated groups.
(11) Combinations of deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and HT-2 toxin were tested at various concentrations and the effects were determined based on percent mortality.
(12) In general, qualitative and quantitative production of DON and 15-ADON by Fusarium graminearum R6576 were dependent on the composition of the complex liquid medium.
(13) This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of a group of mycotoxins in corn-staple food of Linxian residents, including Nivalenoal (NIV), Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), T-2 toxin (these 5 toxins belong to trichothecenes) and zearalenone (ZEN).
(14) For pigs receiving 15-ADON and DON ip, increased dosage was associated with decreased average time to vomition, increased duration of emesis and increased average number of vomitions.
(15) The acute toxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) were compared in the B6C3F1 female mouse after oral and intraperitoneal exposure.
(16) Dietary 15-ADON at the 0.5- and 2.0-ppm levels did not show significant effects on weight gain, feed intake or organ weights.
(17) This is the first report of the natural coexistence of a group of Fusarium mycotoxins (nivalenol [NIV], deoxynivalenol [DON], 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [3-ADON], 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [15-ADON], and zearalenone [ZEN]) in corn from Linxian, China, an area with a high risk of esophageal cancer.
(18) Results indicated that 15-ADON was only slightly less toxic than DON and that chronic manifestations of dietary 15-ADON were similar to those found previously for DON.
Dactyl
Definition:
(n.) A poetical foot of three sylables (-- ~ ~), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; as, L. tegm/n/, E. mer6ciful; -- so called from the similarity of its arrangement to that of the joints of a finger.
(n.) A finger or toe; a digit.
(n.) The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.
Example Sentences:
(1) We report a case of tuberculous dactylitis--spina ventosa--in a 5 year-old girl from a French upper class family.
(2) ), contraction of the dactyl opener muscle may persist for many minutes in the complete absence of action potentials in the excitor nerve or muscle.
(3) The opener muscle of the dactyl in the first leg of the crayfish was used to examine the action of the drug on the glutamate response.
(4) Painful crisis was the initial manifestation in 77% of the children; other symptoms included dactylitis (14%) and pneumococcal septicemia and acute splenic sequestration (4% each).
(5) Oxystomatous crabs of the subfamily Calappinae, particularly the genus Calappa, possess a large tooth on the dactyl and a pair of protuberances on the propodus of the right cheliped.
(6) Painful crises and dactylitis are not uncommon in Indian patients but chronic leg ulceration is rare.
(7) Although the neurotoxicity of this antibiotic is well documented, the child's pain was initially considered to be a form of sickle-cell dactylitis.
(8) In the dactyl opener muscle, on the contrary, most of the attenuation of excitatory junctional potentials is achieved presynaptically, though equally large postjunctional conductance changes are also seen (Dudel and Kuffler, 1961).
(9) Another group of receptors is distributed throughout more proximal regions of the dactyl where the cuticle is completely calcified.
(10) By the term sarcoid dactylitis we mean sarcoid involvement of the bone and soft tissue of the fingers.
(11) Mechanical bending of the dactyl or electrical stimulation of dactyl nerves in which force-sensitive mechanoreceptors were recorded produced strong tonic excitation of motors neurons to the levator muscles of the same leg.
(12) A 30 year old Pakistani female patient with osteomalacia and coeliac disease presenting as an isolated dactylitis is reported.
(13) A low RDW was associated with higher weight and less frequent dactylitis, painful crisis, acute chest syndrome, acute splenic sequestration, and hospital admissions.
(14) Three of the six patients developed dactylitis during the course of chronic sarcoid.
(15) One infant had signs of sepsis and dactylitis involving several fingers and toes.
(16) This paper examines the responses and reflex effects of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the most distal leg segment, the dactyl, of the leg of the crab, Carcinus maenas.
(17) The effects of avermectin on a crayfish nerve cell (stretch receptor neuron) were compared with those on a muscle (dactyl abductor).
(18) Lesions of only the taste receptors abolished the dactyl clasping response, a result demonstrating that such receptors are necessary to elicit this response.
(19) However, in the other three patients dactylitis was the presenting feature of sarcoidosis, and none of these patients had evidence of chronic fibrotic sarcoid elsewhere.
(20) Salmonella dactylitis was the commonest presentation of osteomyelitis in the young child.