(n.) The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture.
(n.) An adulterated state or product.
Example Sentences:
(1) The means for detecting adulterated urine samples are offered, and a procedure for the management of urine-testing results is provided.
(2) While these results do not rule out effects of DHEA on metabolic rate or lipogenesis, they do indicate that the unpalatability of DHEA-adulterated diets may be a contributing factor in the observed effects on food intake and body weight.
(3) The most characteristic examples of nutritive value adulterations are presented: ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, other vitamins, derivatives of the insaturated fatty acids oxidation, changes in proteins.
(4) This paper reports a study on the application of derivative spectrum to the identification of tinglizi and its adulterants.
(5) Gough, as the degenerate black sheep of an English family trying to blackmail an American adulterer, would curl a long lip into a sneering smile, which became a characteristic of this fine actor's style.
(6) The effect during hypovolemia was evident when subjects had access to adulterated physiological saline, a solution more responsive to the PEG-induced need state, and quinine group behavior was not easily explained in terms of the tastes of quinine and saline combined together nor in terms of a posttreatment malaise effect.
(7) Her own debut album, 12 Stories (released on 22 October), displays the full range of her emotional acuity and wit in dissecting the strung-out, pill-addicted, adulterous heart of small-town America.
(8) This is a public health scandal easily on a par to those of the 1980s and 1990s and reminds me of the outrage over food adulteration and contamination in the mid 19th century.
(9) The absence of a significant creatinine concentration in a specimen can be used as an indication of direct or indirect adulteration of the urine specimen by dilution or replacement with water.
(10) Laboratory rats were exposed to chow adulterated with either 500 or 1000 ppm Aroclor 1254 for 30 days.
(11) Another unintentional source of poisoning is its use as an adulterant in heroin for "street" use.
(12) It is suggested that the citric: isocitric acid ratio can be used to detect adulterated products.
(13) To obtain a definitive identification of the adulterant it was necessary to also examine the electrophoretic mobility of myoglobin in sodium dodecylsulphate gels.
(14) We did not clearly establish the mechanism, but this case is unique since adulterants and contaminants were excluded unlike all previously reported patients.
(15) Direct toxicity or hypersensitivity to heroin or an adulterant is considered in the pathogenesis of myolysis.
(16) The intake of the adulterated fluid was near zero during food deprivation, and when a vegetable and fruit diet was available.
(17) All animals reduced their food intake in response to the dietary adulteration, with evidence of a dose-response effect, but this response did not differ as a function of litter size.
(18) These multiple mechanisms of action combined with the deleterious effects of often-present adulterants give rise to an unpredictable, variable, and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular response to cocaine administration.
(19) In experiment 2, pups were tested with dam's artificially adulterated food.
(20) In May 1981 a new disease caused by widespread food poisoning with adulterated rape-seed oil appeared in Spain.
Substitution
Definition:
(n.) The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.
(n.) The state of being substituted for another.
(n.) The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority.
(n.) The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him.
(n.) The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.
(n.) The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.
Example Sentences:
(1) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) To clarify the functional roles of His40, Glu58, and His92, we analyzed the consequences of several amino acid substitutions (His40Ala, His40Lys, His40Asp, Glu58Ala, Glu58Gln, and His92Gln) on the kinetics of GpC transesterification.
(4) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(5) The resonance Raman spectra of oxy and deoxy cobalt-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb) are reported.
(6) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(7) S-methyl-l-cysteine, 2-hydroxy-4-methiol butyric acid, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and methionine peptides were the only compounds supporting growth, when substituted for methionine.
(8) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
(9) The deletions and substitutions appear to occur in separate molecules.
(10) Combination of domain substitutions to generate the [Glu107,123]bFGF and [Arg19,Lys123,126]bFGF mutants did not show any additivity of the mutations on biological activity.
(11) N-Methoxysulphonamides showed no inhibitory activity, as predicted by the classic work of Krebs on N-substituted inhibitors.
(12) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(13) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
(14) Substitutes: Andoni Zubizarreta (Spain), Lajos Detari (Hungary), Dragan Stojkovic (Yugoslavia), Igor Belanov (USSR), Preben Elkjær Larsen (Denmark), Lars Larsson (Sweden), Alexandre Zavarov (USSR).
(15) Lipoprotein concentrations reverted to normal after substitution with thyroxine (T4) until the euthyroid state was reached.
(16) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
(17) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
(18) Substitution of DnaK protein with that of the mutant DnaK756 protein blocks lambda P release.
(19) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
(20) Plasma drug concentrations, subjective self-ratings, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were evaluated during 24 hours after dosage.