(n.) Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by with, to, or between.
(n.) Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages.
(n.) Companionship; acquaintance.
(n.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
(n.) A relation between species or highe/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.
(n.) A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
Example Sentences:
(1) The low affinity of several N1-alkylpyrroleethylamines suggests that the benzene portion of the alpha-methyltryptamines is necessary for significant affinity.
(2) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(3) It has been generally believed that the ligand-binding of steroid hormone receptors triggers an allosteric change in receptor structure, manifested by an increased affinity of the receptor for DNA in vitro and nuclear target elements in vivo, as monitored by nuclear translocation.
(4) Because cystine in medium was converted rapidly to cysteine and cysteinyl-NAC in the presence of NAC and given that cysteine has a higher affinity for uptake by EC than cystine, we conclude that the enhanced uptake of radioactivity was in the form of cysteine and at least part of the stimulatory effect of NAC on EC glutathione was due to a formation of cysteine by a mixed disulfide reaction of NAC with cystine similar to that previously reported for Chinese hamster ovarian cells (R. D. Issels et al.
(5) We sought additional evidence for an inverse relationship between functional CTL-target cell affinity on the one hand, and susceptibility of the CTL-mediated killing to inhibition by alpha LFA-1 and alpha Lyt-2,3 monoclonal antibodies on the other hand.
(6) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(7) We report a series of experiments designed to determine if agents and conditions that have been reported to alter sodium reabsorption, Na-K-ATPase activity or cellular structure in the rat distal nephron might also regulate the density or affinity of binding of 3H-metolazone to the putative thiazide receptor in the distal nephron.
(8) ASF-II was purified to apparent homogeneity by using concanavalin A-agarose affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, alumina gel adsorption, and isoelectric focussing techniques.
(9) The occupation of the high affinity calcium binding site by Ca(II) and Mn(II) does not influence the Cu(II) binding process, suggesting that there is no direct interaction between this site and the Cu(II) binding sites.
(10) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
(11) The penicillin-resistant Enterococcus hirae R40 has a typical profile of membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) except that the 71 kDa PBP5 of low penicillin affinity represents about 50% of all the PBPs present.
(12) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
(13) Only estrogenic hormones are bound with high affinity.
(14) These results indicate that both the renal brush-border and basolateral membranes possess the Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transport system with very similar properties but with different substrate affinity and transport capacity.
(15) This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site.
(16) Neurotensin (NT) is an endogenous brain tridecapeptide for which high affinity binding sites exist in the central nervous system.
(17) In lactate medium the capacity of each AIB carrier is unchanged but its affinity is reduced to one-third.
(18) The telencephalon of teleost fish shows high affinity uptake for D-[3H]aspartate, intermediate levels of GABAergic markers and low levels of cholinergic enzymes.
(19) In all immunized rabbits the antisera obtained with the 7 alpha-derivative had a higher affinity and a narrower specificity than the antiserum obtained with the 7 beta-derivative.
(20) The binding parameters indicate that the principal activating effect of UMP is not simply to increase the affinity of the enzyme for glucose.
Sympathetically
Definition:
(adv.) In a sympathetic manner.
Example Sentences:
(1) In dogs, cibenzoline given i.v., had no effects on the slow response systems, probably because of sympathetic nervous system intervention since the class 4 effects of cibenzoline appeared after beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
(2) Plasma NPY correlated better with plasma norepinephrine than with epinephrine, indicating its origin from sympathetic nerve terminals.
(3) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(4) Noradrenaline (NA) was released from sympathetic nerve endings in the tissue by electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves or by the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine.
(5) Following injections of HRP into the apex of the heart, the sinoatrial (SA) nodal region and the ventral wall of the right ventricle, we observed that HRP-labeled sympathetic neurons were localized predominantly in the right stellate ganglia, and to a lesser extent, in the right superior and middle cervical ganglia, and left stellate ganglia.
(6) Chick sympathetic nerve fibers densely innervate expansor secundariorum muscle, but not skeletal muscle.
(7) Assays of isolated single sympathetic neurones show that their transmitter functions can be either adrenergic or cholinergic depending on growth conditions.
(8) The increased sympathetic nervous activity during exercise appears to be a toxic rather than a compensatory effect of alcohol.
(9) It is suggested that contractile responses to electrical stimulation in isolated sheep urethral smooth muscle are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, mainly through release of noradrenaline stimulating postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors.
(10) The distinguishing feature of this study is the simultaneous measurement of sympathetic firing and norepinephrine spillover in the same organ, the kidney, under conditions of intact sympathetic impulse traffic.
(11) The marine natural product lophotoxin has produced a non-reversible antagonism of parasympathetic and sympathetic functions that are known to be mediated by C6 sub-type nicotinic receptors.
(12) The distribution and ultrastructure of lipopigments in the rat sympathetic, vagus and spinal ganglion neurons were studied in vivo and in vitro using fluorescence and electron microscopy.
(13) In 27 decerebrate cats under various experimental conditions, we studied the effects of programmed premature ventricular contractions on the impulse activity of preganglionic sympathetic fibres isolated from the third left thoracic ramus.
(14) Sympathetic nervous system function was blocked in developing male SHR by treating pups from days 0 to 14 with: (1) guanethidine, (2) combined alpha- and beta-receptor antagonists (prazosin and timolol), or (3) vehicle (5% sucrose).
(15) These results show the existence of a depressor response and decreases in HR and RNA in the rabbit mediated by the action of BK on cardiac sympathetic afferents.
(16) Finally, fosinopril had no effect on the pressor or chronotropic effects of norepinephrine (NE) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperinium (DMPP) or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia of pithed rats.
(17) Sympathetic nerve stimulation may cause a rise in IASP by its action directly at the IAS smooth muscle partially through release of NPY.
(18) In anesthetized cats, the enhancement of sympathetic activity and increase of the blood pressure in exclusion of afferents (section of vagosympathetic trunks and clamping of common carotid arteries) as well as the disappearance of the activity in enhanced afferentation, were shown to be transient and to disappear within a few minutes-scores of minutes in spite of the going on deafferentation or enhancement of afferentation.
(19) Stimulus-response characteristics suggested that this system was well suited for a role in tonic inhibition of sympathetic activity.
(20) This increase is presumably the result of radiation induced release of their parent amines from the brain; in the case of VMA the secondary response of the peripheral sympathetic system might occur.