(1) Similar aftereffects were obtained whether the area of the test stimulus was fixed or varied randomly from trial to trial, and whether the test stimulus was rectangular or elliptical.
(2) The observed north-south differences in the phase relation of both pacemaker and rhythm to the light cycle are explained by the latitudinal clines in pacemaker properties and a postulated aftereffect of photoperiod on tau.
(3) The preliminary experiments described here suggest that tilt aftereffects and illusions induced by projected slides of tilted real-object scenes have angular functions similar to that induced by a line grating.
(4) The types of interneuronal responses evoked by sensory stimulation were: neurons that were exclusively excited (84%), those that were exclusively inhibited (10%), those that were excited or inhibited depending on the modality or laterality of the stimulus (6%), those showing long lasting excitatory aftereffects (3%), and those showing excitation or inhibition upon identical stimulation depending on the state of the neurons while being stimulated (1%).
(5) The former were always much greater than the latter, demonstrating limited interaural transfer of the aftereffect.
(6) The aftereffects of home-induced emesis with ipecac syrup were determined by telephone interviews of callers to a poison center.
(7) The influence of a foreign stimulus on the aftereffect of inhibitory stimuli was studied in experiments on dogs with salivary conditioned reflexes.
(8) This is similar to the time-course of contrast threshold elevation, suggesting that threshold and suprathreshold aftereffects are based on similar type of adaptation processes.
(9) High mortality reported in men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy may be due to concomitant medical problems rather than aftereffects of the surgery.
(10) 17, 173-174 (1965)], we find that the sustained retinal motion caused by tracking a moving target over a stationary grating does not result in a motion aftereffect (MAE) which is equivalent to that resulting from comparable retinal motion caused by actual motion of a grating.
(11) After FP viewing the aftereffect decayed in darkness with a significant linear trend (P less than 0.05).
(12) The monocular-aftereffect durations were slightly longer when the dominant eye was use, and interocular transfer from the dominant eye to the nondominant eye was greater than the transfer in the reverse direction; however, these differences were not statistically significant.
(13) Kinesthetic Aftereffect (KAE), once a promising personality index, has been abandoned by many investigators because of poor retest reliability and intermittent validity.
(14) It is suggested that the deficiency of cerebral circulation is a delayed aftereffect of prenatal brain hypoxia.
(15) (c) Motion aftereffect had no direct and immediate influence on sway path, but rather a latent and long-term effect.
(16) For tonic vergence however, the aftereffect was larger and had a slower rate of decay as stimulus duration increased.
(17) Two modes of adaptation contribute to the TAE and account for other aftereffects: short-term fatigue, produced very quickly and long-term structural change, requiring more extended adaptation.
(18) To confirm this, the aftereffect was measured by nulling with different durations of test stimulus changing steadily in sound level.
(19) The above aftereffects of the radioprotectors was observed within 3--12 days after their use and was most pronounced for the combination of cystamine and streptomycin.
(20) The procedure for eliciting movement aftereffect (MAE) involves the subject's adapting to visual movement that subsequently stops.
Dextromethorphan
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus the innocuousness and ubiquitous availability of dextromethorphan render it attractive for worldwide pharmacogenetic investigations in man.
(2) The effects of both opioid (morphine and dihydrocodeine) and nonopioid (dextromethorphan and noscapine) antitussive drugs were diminished in morphine-dependent rats.
(3) In addition, the previous blockade by ketamine and dextromethorphan of NMDA receptors has been shown to intensify the naloxone-elicited morphine abstinence syndrome.
(4) Protection by codeine 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, noscapine 30 mg, and placebo against citric acid-induced cough was determined in eighteen healthy subjects.
(5) The K+ outflow via nicotinic ACh receptor cation channels was inhibited by various psychotomimetic sigma ligands in the sequence of PCP, dextromethorphan >> DTG, MK 801, (+)SKF10047 >> (+)3-PPP.
(6) In a preliminary study, different rates of N-, O- and N,O- demethylation of dextromethorphan to yield D-methoxymorphinane, dextrorphan and D-hydroxymorphinane, respectively, were found in extensive- (Sprague-Dawley) and poor-metabolizer (female dark Agouti) rat strains.
(7) Codeine and dextromethorphan were N-demethylated in human foetal liver microsomes at high rates which were close to the activities in adult livers.
(8) The purpose of this study was to determine whether dextromethorphan, an opioid class antitussive, prevents hypoxia-induced loss of nerve function in an in vitro hippocampal slice preparation.
(9) The concentrations of dextrorphan were 170 times higher than the concentrations of dextromethorphan.
(10) Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties have been demonstrated, and treatment with dextromethorphan has been shown to improve the cerebrovascular and functional consequences of global cerebral ischemia.
(11) Both bufuralol and dextromethorphan are well-known substrates of cytochrome P450IID6.
(12) Male and female rats exhibited striking differences in their ability to metabolize dextromethorphan.
(13) Moreover, genotypic identification of heterozygous and homozygous extensive metabolizer subjects did not predict CYP2D6 activity, as determined by dextromethorphan and encainide metabolic ratios, or encainide response, as determined by intraventricular and atrioventricular changes.
(14) The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists dextromethorphan (DM) and dextrorphan (DX) were found to reduce significantly neocortical severe ischemic neuronal damage (SIND) when administered in a delayed fashion after the ischemic insult.
(15) The anticonvulsant potency of these compounds, (+)-5-methyl-10,11- dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801) greater than dextrorphan greater than or equal to 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine hydrochloride (PCP) greater than dextromethorphan greater than (+)-pentazocine, upon microinjection into the prepiriform cortex, was highly correlated (r = 0.971; P less than 0.01) with their respective affinities for the [3H]dextrorphan-labelled NMDA receptors in rat forebrain membranes.
(16) In the dextromethorphan-treated animals, 90% of the rats survived compared with 47% of the untreated animals (p less than 0.05).
(17) A centrally acting antitussive agent dextromethorphan (DM) was tested to determine its possible interaction with naloxone in rats responding under a fixed-interval schedule of positive reinforcement.
(18) Simple, sensitive and selective enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) for monitoring urinary dextromethorphan and its major metabolite, dextrorphan, were developed.
(19) The results indicate that salbutamol has antitussive action enhancing the effect of plain dextromethorphan.
(20) In the present investigation, the effects of sigma ligands [WY-47384 [8-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2[3-(3-pyridinyl)propyl)1H- pyrido(4,3b)indole], (+)-pentazocine, (+)-SFK 10,047 (N-allylnormetazocine), mafoprazine, opipramol, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, (+)-3-PPP [3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpiperidine], (-)-butaclamol, DTG [1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine], rimcazole, ifenprodil and BMY-14802 [alpha-(fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoropyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol]] on harmaline-, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-, methamphetamine (MA)- and D-serine-induced increases in mouse cerebellar levels of cGMP were determined.