(prep.) Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; -- in this sense often preceded by over.
(prep.) From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof.
(prep.) In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time.
(prep.) By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when.
Example Sentences:
Countercurrent
Definition:
(a.) Running in an opposite direction.
(n.) A current running in an opposite direction to the main current.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results indicate that countercurrent distribution of crude extracts in aqueous two-phase systems is a useful method to study protein-protein interaction.
(2) By performing countercurrent distribution in the presence of a polymer-ligand, the protein that binds the polymer-ligand can be separated from a heterogenous mixture.
(3) The components of bacitracin, bacitracins A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, were fractionated by the countercurrent distribution technique.
(4) The current interpretation of laboratory tests such as countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, limulus assays, and lactic acid levels are discussed.
(5) We offer anatomical evidence for a two layer arterio-venous countercurrent heat exchanger at the cetacean testis.
(6) Rheophoresis has been shown to be a more sensitive method of indication than countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis.
(7) Also any internal changes in thermal properties such as core temperature variations or variability of the countercurrent heat exchanger will also cause temperature change.
(8) However, the countercurrent trend of the conjugate formation delayed and reduced the activation of the autologous total killer activity.
(9) Countercurrent vessels are shown to have shorter equilibration lengths and produce smaller temperature fluctuations than isolated vessels of the same size.
(10) The study shows that a vascular arrangement is present in human left ventricular myocardium that could provide a countercurrent regulation of blood flow with diffusible substances carried in venous blood.
(11) Antibody levels in a small group of Sudanese patients with clinically diagnosed mycetoma, and control groups were measured by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
(12) Small resting B lymphocytes were highly enriched and completely depleted of all preactivated large B lymphocytes using countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and free flow electrophoresis.
(13) The complexes were extracted by chloroform-methanol and purified by countercurrent distribution in solvent systems containing water, chloroform, methanol, and Freon 113.
(14) Latex agglutination was more sensitive than countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of type III group B streptococcal antigen in CSF from neonates and young infants with meningitis.
(15) MNL were sham-exposed or exposed to influenza virus or RSV, separated, and retrieved by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation after 3 d. Exposure to influenza virus caused a relative decline in the number of large MNL, but an increase in small lymphocytes.
(16) Human parvovirus (HPV) antigen was not detected in any patients, but anti-HPV, measured by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, was found in 33 of 34 affected children and in 21 (15%) of 141 children of the same ages without the disease.
(17) The scalding equipment was changed to a countercurrent configuration, with a postscald hot-water rinse cabinet that sprayed carcasses as they exited the scalder.
(18) Potassium countercurrent through the SR K+ channel plays an important role in Ca2+ release from the SR. To see if Ca2+ regulates the channel, we incorporated canine cardiac SR K+ channel into lipid bilayers.
(19) No evidence was found for a relation between rheumatoid arthritis and a significant incidence of hepatitis-associated antigen detectable by countercurrent immunoelectro-osmophoresis.
(20) Immune complexes have been detected in the sera of people infected Schistosoma mansoni by the technique of acidification followed by double countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in hypertonic buffered gels.