(n.) Whiteness. Specifically: (Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.
Example Sentences:
(1) I describe concentrations of reflected solar radiation (albedo) found at the usual sites of various conditions associated with exposure to the sun--pterygium, pinguecula, climatic droplet keratopathy and cataract and eyelid malignancy.
(2) This proposed dosimeter (a combination of Harshaw beta-gamma thermoluminescence dosimeter and albedo neutron thermoluminescence dosimeter) has an advantage of using a minimum number of thermoluminescence dosimeter elements (therefore, making it less costly) to measure the dose equivalents in a mixed field of neutron, photon, and beta radiation.
(3) This, together with the effective attenuation coefficient, permits indirect experimental determination of both the albedo and the anisotropy factor (g) of the scattering function.
(4) The calculated energy spectra can be used in other problems and the albedo factors can be applied in practical shielding design for medical linear accelerators.
(5) In the total population of 75 subjects, the skin albedo correlated significantly with skin resistance, a relationship which was not maintained when the total population was separated into its component subgroups of whites, blacks and Indians.
(6) We estimate that an optimized converter would produce even higher sensitivities as an albedo dosimeter in realistic radiation fields.
(7) The parameters selected were altitude, season, ozone content and albedo.
(8) Use of the Pigmentometer, a new device for measuring skin albedo: Relating skin color with a series of physiological measures.
(9) Combined with the ice-albedo feedback, this amplifies the region’s warming, and may affect circulation patterns like the jet stream , that can affect weather patterns in the lower 48 states and elsewhere.
(10) Multiple reflection of neutrons is also considered using the albedo concept in the calculation.
(11) Furthermore, when the incident fluence is known, the theory can be used in a non-linear, two-parameter fitting algorithm to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of a turbid sample with an accuracy of 10-15% for transport albedos ranging from 0.42-0.88.
(12) The dose albedos for 60Co and 137Cs beams normally incident on concrete have been calculated and compared with experimentally determined values in the literature.
(13) The generated energy spectra are then used to calculate the albedo factors for 4-, 10-, and 18-MV bremsstrahlung x-ray beams normally incident on concrete, iron, and lead.
(14) It was observed that blacks had significantly lower (darker) skin albedo (PI), a significantly higher skin resistance (SR) and amplitude of the galvanic skin response (GSR), and an insignificant higher basal heart rate (HR).
(15) Except at extremely high albedo, the experimental data and the Monte Carlo results agree well for the depth dependence of the fluence as a function of incident light beam diameter and optical absorption and scattering, and for the dependence of the diffuse reflectance on the albedo.
(16) A simple model, developed from the data obtained, made it possible to calculate relative irradiance as a function of the angle of inclination and the ground reflection (UV albedo).
(17) The number albedo decreases with increase in the atomic number of the reflecting medium.
(18) The albedo effect is related to a surface's reflecting power – whiter sea ice reflects more of the sun's heat back into space than darker seawater, which absorbs the sun's heat and gets warmer.
(19) Albedo changes Painting roofs and roads white , covering deserts in reflective plastic sheeting, dropping pale-coloured litter into the ocean and genetically engineering crops to be paler have all been proposed to reflect sunlight back into space .
(20) Climate models show that the reduction is related to the man-made global warming, which, due to the albedo effect, is particularly pronounced in the Arctic," he said.
Incident
Definition:
(a.) Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface.
(a.) Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.
(a.) Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.
(a.) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal.
(n.) That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence.
(n.) That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event.
(n.) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal.
Example Sentences:
(1) By 1978, the reduction in incidence of measles will exceed 90%.
(2) The cumulative incidence of grade II and III acute GVHD in the 'low dose' cyclosporin group was 42% compared to 51% in the 'standard dose' group (P = 0.60).
(3) Children of smoking mothers had an 18.0 per cent cumulative incidence of post-infancy wheezing through 10 years of age, compared with 16.2 per cent among children of nonsmoking mothers (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21).
(4) In X-irradiated litters, almost invariably, the incidence of anophthalmia was higher in exencephalic than in nonexencephalic embryos and the ratio of these incidences (relative risk) decreased toward 1 with increasing dose.
(5) A commensurate rise in both smoking and adenocarcinoma has occurred in the Far East where the incidence rate (40%) is twice that of North America or Europe.
(6) Side effect incidence in patients treated with the paracetamol-sobrerol combination (3.7%) was significantly lower than that observed in subjects treated with paracetamol (6.1% - P less than 0.01), salicylics (25.1% - P less than 0.001), pyrazolics (12.6% - P less than 0.001), propionics (20.3%, P less than 0.001) or other antipyretics (17.9% - P less than 0.001).
(7) Time-series analysis and multiple-regression modeling procedures were used to characterize changes in the overall incidence rate over the study period and to describe the contribution of additional measures to the dynamics of the incidence rates.
(8) Factors associated with higher incidence of rejection included loose sutures, traumatic wound dehiscence, and grafts larger than 8.5 mm.
(9) In a random sample of 1,000 neonates from a Delhi Hospital the incidence of jaundice was 53% and of hyperbilirubinaemia (HB) 6%.
(10) Peak incidence is found among 40 to 49-year-old and 60 to 64-year-old women.
(11) The high incidence of infant astigmatism has implications for critical periods in human visual development and for infant acuity.
(12) In all, 207 cases of liver cancer were seen during this period, giving an incidence of rupture of 14.5%.
(13) Serial observations of blood pressure after unilateral adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenoma revealed an incidence of hypotension (systolic BP less than fifth percentile for age- and sex-matched normal population) of 27% at 2 years, more than 5 times that predicted.
(14) He also deals with the incidence, conservative and surgical treatment of osteo-arthrosis in old age and with the possibilities of its prevention.
(15) We have not had another incidence of fetal scalp infection associated with intrapartum monitoring.
(16) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(17) We investigated the incidence of skin cancer among patients who received high doses of PUVA to see whether such incidence increased.
(18) In addition, recent increase of the annual incidence of the above both groups was clarified.
(19) We found that, although controlled release delivery of ddC inhibited de novo FeLV-FAIDS replication and delayed onset of viremia when therapy was discontinued (after 3 weeks), an equivalent incidence and level of viremia were established rapidly in both ddC-treated and control cats.
(20) We studied the effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine (0.00-0.20 mg) on pain relief and the incidence of side effects after cholecystectomy in 139 patients divided into eight groups according to intrathecal morphine dose: groups 1 (0.00 mg), 2 (0.04 mg), 3 (0.06 mg), 4 (0.08 mg), 5 (0.10 mg), 6 (0.12 mg), 7 (0.15 mg), and 8 (0.20 mg).