(n.) Whiteness. Specifically: (Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.
Example Sentences:
(1) I describe concentrations of reflected solar radiation (albedo) found at the usual sites of various conditions associated with exposure to the sun--pterygium, pinguecula, climatic droplet keratopathy and cataract and eyelid malignancy.
(2) This proposed dosimeter (a combination of Harshaw beta-gamma thermoluminescence dosimeter and albedo neutron thermoluminescence dosimeter) has an advantage of using a minimum number of thermoluminescence dosimeter elements (therefore, making it less costly) to measure the dose equivalents in a mixed field of neutron, photon, and beta radiation.
(3) This, together with the effective attenuation coefficient, permits indirect experimental determination of both the albedo and the anisotropy factor (g) of the scattering function.
(4) The calculated energy spectra can be used in other problems and the albedo factors can be applied in practical shielding design for medical linear accelerators.
(5) In the total population of 75 subjects, the skin albedo correlated significantly with skin resistance, a relationship which was not maintained when the total population was separated into its component subgroups of whites, blacks and Indians.
(6) We estimate that an optimized converter would produce even higher sensitivities as an albedo dosimeter in realistic radiation fields.
(7) The parameters selected were altitude, season, ozone content and albedo.
(8) Use of the Pigmentometer, a new device for measuring skin albedo: Relating skin color with a series of physiological measures.
(9) Combined with the ice-albedo feedback, this amplifies the region’s warming, and may affect circulation patterns like the jet stream , that can affect weather patterns in the lower 48 states and elsewhere.
(10) Multiple reflection of neutrons is also considered using the albedo concept in the calculation.
(11) Furthermore, when the incident fluence is known, the theory can be used in a non-linear, two-parameter fitting algorithm to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of a turbid sample with an accuracy of 10-15% for transport albedos ranging from 0.42-0.88.
(12) The dose albedos for 60Co and 137Cs beams normally incident on concrete have been calculated and compared with experimentally determined values in the literature.
(13) The generated energy spectra are then used to calculate the albedo factors for 4-, 10-, and 18-MV bremsstrahlung x-ray beams normally incident on concrete, iron, and lead.
(14) It was observed that blacks had significantly lower (darker) skin albedo (PI), a significantly higher skin resistance (SR) and amplitude of the galvanic skin response (GSR), and an insignificant higher basal heart rate (HR).
(15) Except at extremely high albedo, the experimental data and the Monte Carlo results agree well for the depth dependence of the fluence as a function of incident light beam diameter and optical absorption and scattering, and for the dependence of the diffuse reflectance on the albedo.
(16) A simple model, developed from the data obtained, made it possible to calculate relative irradiance as a function of the angle of inclination and the ground reflection (UV albedo).
(17) The number albedo decreases with increase in the atomic number of the reflecting medium.
(18) The albedo effect is related to a surface's reflecting power – whiter sea ice reflects more of the sun's heat back into space than darker seawater, which absorbs the sun's heat and gets warmer.
(19) Albedo changes Painting roofs and roads white , covering deserts in reflective plastic sheeting, dropping pale-coloured litter into the ocean and genetically engineering crops to be paler have all been proposed to reflect sunlight back into space .
(20) Climate models show that the reduction is related to the man-made global warming, which, due to the albedo effect, is particularly pronounced in the Arctic," he said.
Source
Definition:
(n.) The act of rising; a rise; an ascent.
(n.) The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.
(n.) That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.
Example Sentences:
(1) Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate.
(2) This would disrupt and prevent Isis from maintaining stable and reliable sources of income.
(3) A diplomatic source said the killing appeared particularly unusual because of Farooq lack of recent political activity: "He was lying low in the past two years.
(4) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(5) The direct monocyte source is not sufficient to insure the stability of this population.
(6) Four patients with acute brucellosis are described, none of whom had any connexion with farming or milk industry, the source of infection being different in each case.
(7) No correlation between volatile make up and geography was found, but the profiling procedures are shown to be of use in the forensic problem of relating samples to a common source.
(8) The company, part of the John Lewis Partnership, now sources all its beef from the UK, including in its ready meals, sandwiches and fresh mince.
(9) Thirty-two strains of pectin-fermenting rumen bacteria were isolated from bovine rumen contents in a rumen fluid medium which contained pectin as the only added energy source.
(10) These spectra show marked differences between sources.
(11) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(12) A 45-year-old mother of four, named as Hediye Sen, was killed during clashes in Cizre, while a 70-year-old died of a heart attack during fighting in Silopi, according to hospital sources.
(13) A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to characterize the spatial and energy distribution of bremsstrahlung radiation from beta point sources important to radioimmunotherapy (RIT).
(14) Former detectives had dug out damning evidence of abuse, as well as testimony from officers recommending prosecution, sources said.
(15) The antigenic composition of an extract of rat dust, as a source of aeroallergens for rat-sensitive individuals, has been investigated and compared to the antigenic composition of rat saliva and urine.
(16) Furthermore, the analyses indicated an important interplay between environmental sources and social factors in the determination of hand lead and blood lead levels in very young children.
(17) An accurate and reproducible method is described for generating a map of the cobalt sheet source from images of it made in multiple positions with the scintillation camera.
(18) Biosyntheses of TXA2 and PGI2 were carried out using arachidonic acid as a substrate and horse platelet and aorta microsomes as sources of TXA2 and PGI2 synthetases respectively.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) Lysates of lymphoblastoid cells provided the antigen source which were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.