What's the difference between albinoism and melanism?
Albinoism
Definition:
(n.) The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.
Example Sentences:
(1) The urine compositions of the European mole Talpa europaea and of the white rat Rattus norvegicus (albino) kept on a carnivore's diet were compared.
(2) In the liver of albino rats with experimental thyrotoxicosis a study was made of nucleic acids and some indices of phosphorus metabolism: total and inorganic phosphorus, total and acid-soluble phosphorus, phosphorus of RNA, DNA and phosphoproteins.
(3) Hyperimmunization with the tick encephalitis and Western horse encephalomyelitis viruses reproduced in the brain of albino mice, intensified the protein synthesis in the splenic tissue during the productive phase of the immunogenesis (the 7th day).
(4) Differences between the albino vs pigmented strains were observed following injections of saline.
(5) In contrast, albino rats and rabbits failed to succumb to overt disease by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of inoculation.
(6) CW Nd:YAG light transmitted by fiber optic cable and sapphire crystal was applied transsclerally to the ciliary body of pigmented and albino rabbits.
(7) The flash visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) was recorded in 18 human albinos.
(8) The contralateral projection in all divisions of the CN of both albino and 'red eyed' ferrets was normal.
(9) A cluster of unlinked genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes in the mouse is characterized by the failure of normal hormone-inducible expression in animals homozygous for one of several overlapping deletions mapping on chromosome 7 near the albino locus.
(10) Male albino rats were tested in three conspecific conditions: estrous female, anestrous female, or no conspecific.
(11) In albino rabbits aged from the 16th postconceptional day (16PCD) to adulthood, the number of axons in the optic nerves were estimated from sample areas totalling 1-12% of the cross-sectional area of the nerve.
(12) Beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium assay data are reported for the fresh tissues of albino rats exposed to inorganic chemicals by oral or intraperitoneal routes.
(13) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and subunit isozyme patterns in cornea were monitored in 36 albino rabbits wearing thick, rigid, gas-permeable contact lenses for periods of 24 h, 2 and 7 days, and 1 and 3 months.
(14) Thiabendazole was found to be specifically effective against maximal electroshock seizures in albino rats.
(15) The broad overlap in the distributions of neuronal size in the abducens nucleus between groups indicated that not all cells in the albino brainstem are significantly smaller than normal.
(16) The ceramic sections, approximately 15.3 mg, were implanted into both proximal femurs of 10 male and 10 female albino SW rats.
(17) Intravitreal injections of hCG in albino rabbits provoked a reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP).
(18) There was marked destruction of the ciliary body in pigmented rabbit eyes, but no histologic effect was observed in albino rabbit eyes.
(19) When twenty Swiss albino mice (male) were fed a vitamin A deficient diet for 18-24 months, Mallory bodies (MB(s] were observed.
(20) Tests were conducted on albino male-rats in which an experimental gastric ulcer failing to heal for a long time had been induced through introduction of a 5% acetic acid solution into the subserous membrane of the stomach.
Melanism
Definition:
(n.) An undue development of dark-colored pigment in the skin or its appendages; -- the opposite of albinism.
(n.) A disease; black jaundice. See Mel/na.
Example Sentences:
(1) In agreement with the InsP3 assays, phorbol ester (TPA) has no effect on melanization, tyrosinase activity or cell proliferation.
(2) These skins preserve the aspects and behaviour of normal human skin but after 1 month they have a heavy melanic hyperpigmentation.
(3) The skin is heavily pigmented with the epidermis, pilary canals, and the outer cell layer of the apocrine duct richly melanized.
(4) A ventrally localized melanization inhibiting factor (MIF) has been suggested to play an important role in the establishment of the dorsal-ventral pigment pattern in Xenopus laevis [Fukuzawa and Ide:Dev.
(5) The processes of melanosome maturation in the late-melanizing goldfish are evident from these observations.
(6) Melanin granules inside keratinocytes were fully melanized.
(7) Melanization in vivo, and in vitro, due to a polyphenoloxidase released by the blood cells, was stimulated by the presence of the fungal cell wall surface.
(8) The endogenous norepinephrine level was increased in eyes with melanic pigments and the exogenous amine uptake was decreased.
(9) The data suggest that host endocrines are involved in the encapsulation and melanization reactions of the larvae, but the nature of the involvement is not known.
(10) These findings suggest that glutathione provides a new situation of interrupted melanogenesis in which melanization cannot proceed despite complete formation of melanosome matrix structure and a lack of inhibition of cellular metabolisms including protein glycosylation.
(11) Conidiogenous cells in both species developed melanin only within the lowermost part of the lateral walls while the other cells of the conidium were uniformly melanized around the circumference of the cell; melanin in these cells being deposited within, at least, half the width of the cell wall.
(12) These changes may indicate the gradual melanization of the lipopigments due to auto-oxidation of catecholamines.
(13) Depending on the dose or period of feeding, symptoms were cuticular melanization, swellings in intersegmental regions, cuticular lesions, rupture of the body wall, and death.
(14) Intracellular melanization, a defense or an immune response in the thoracic muscle cells, was investigated in a refractory strain of Anopheles quadrimaculatus infected with larvae of Brugia malayi.
(15) Difficulty encountered in resolving grains of exposed photographic emulsion in autoradiographs of the densely melanized retinal pigment epithelium was solved by using epi-polarized or incident light microscopy.
(16) Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine retarded growth and prevented melanization of limb regenerate in adult newts (Triturus cristatus).
(17) sinensis was 72.3%; the percentage of melanized microfilariae in young Cx.
(18) It is suggested that the surface of the parasite may have inhibitors against enzyme systems causing melanization.
(19) During melanization, oxidation products of tyrosine are generated which are toxic to the cells.
(20) The melanization response of adult female Aedes aegypti (black-eyed Liverpool strain) against intrathoracically inoculated Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed with transmission electron microscopy.