(n.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain processes of oxidation.
Example Sentences:
(1) The compounds 1-3 in reaction with nicotine aldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde were transformed into appropriate anilides of 2,3-epoxypropionic acid 4-9.
(2) The effects of inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity on the sensitivity of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells to oxazaphosphorine anticancer agents, e.g.
(3) With cortisol and cortisol-21-aldehyde, product inhibition patterns showed only slope effects with steroid product and NAD+, suggesting a "random" mechanism.
(4) At alkaline pH, the Schiff's base equilibrium can be continuously and specifically displaced by reduction in situ with sodium cyanohydridoborate, which on the other hand leaves intact the reacting aldehyde groups of oxidized tRNA.
(5) At low (1-2 microM) concentrations of the drug, the oxidative demethylation of lanosterol was inhibited by about 70% in the subcellular fractions but there was no effect on the metabolism of the 3 beta, 32-diol or the 32-aldehyde.
(6) In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of aldehyde-amin-condensates a number of partly new unsymmetrically substituted animals was synthesized by reaction of formaldehyde with different secondary amines.
(7) Certain mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells also contain an aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the detoxification of aldophosphamide, but the specific identity of this enzyme remains to be established.
(8) A simple method for distinction between RNA- and DNA-containing structures in aldehyde- and osmiumtextroxide-fixed electron microscopic autoradiographs (or ordinary thin sections) is described: the developer and the acetic acid used for processing autoradiographs extract selectively uranium acetate from DNA containing-structures which, after staining with lead citrate, leads to a characteristically 'bleached' appearance of the DNA.
(9) One was identified as viridomycin A, the ferrous chelate of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzaldehyde; the second (actinoviridin A) was the corresponding carboxylic acid chelate and the third (viridomycin E) was a hybrid chelate containing both the aldehyde and acid ligands.
(10) Microfluorometric method has been described for the determination of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II activities in human erythrocyte, brain, and lens.
(11) The aldehyde is strongly bound in the active site along the entire length of the alkyl chain with the strongest interaction at the CHO group.
(12) These localizations correspond best to the clear areas found in aldehyde-fixed tissue.
(13) The differences between periodate- and NAGO-induced aldehydes were demonstrated by flow cytometry of cells stained with a novel fluoresceinated hydrazide and by an electrophoretic procedure performed with biocytin hydrazide and 125I-streptavidin.
(14) Major fatty aldehydes of the phosphatidylethanolamine were 14:0 (62%), unidentified long chain forms (24%), 16:0 (7%), 18:0 (4%), 18:1 (3%).
(15) The symmetrical reagent 5,5'-dithiobis-(1-methyltetrazole) activates mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase approximately 4-fold, whereas the smaller related compound methyl l-methyltetrazol-5-yl disulphide is a potent inactivator.
(16) Microwave fixation in dilute aldehyde solution has been reported to be superior to fixation in formaldehyde for the preservation of antigens.
(17) Clofibrate treatment caused a 1.5 to 2.3-fold increase in the liver specific aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
(18) In addition, there are basic differences in the PNI formation on aldehyde-treated pericardium and natural aortic valves as compared to the Dacron fabric.
(19) The oxazolidine molecules were synthesized through the condensation of ephedrine and ephedrine-related molecules with aromatic aldehydes.
(20) The particles stain adequately with lead after aldehyde-OsO(4) fixation in phosphate buffer and provide a relatively wide set of probes ( approximately 45 A-300 A) for work on the large and small pore systems.
Ketone
Definition:
(n.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor.
Example Sentences:
(1) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
(2) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(3) The infusion of sodium acetoacetate resulted in a 10- to 15-fold increase in circulating concentrations of ketone bodies, which were similar in magnitude in normal subjects and diabetic patients.
(4) Results of repeated visual readings spread over three different color blocks for certain concentrations of glucose, ketone, and protein, whereas repeated instrumental readings were never spread greater than two color blocks.
(5) The plasma concentrations of alanine and proline as well as other amino acids increased as the blood ketone body ratio decreased.
(6) Trifluoromethyl ketone dipeptide analogues are good inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme.
(7) As a conclusion sec-butanol, probably through its metabolite methyl-ethyl-ketone, is the most potent inducer of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in liver and kidney while iso-butanol does not alter total cytochrome P-450.
(8) A model of increased microvascular permeability pulmonary edema was developed in chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep using perilla ketone (PK).
(9) Administration of different brain fuels--glucose, mannose, fructose, or the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate--reduced hippocampal damage induced by coadministration of GCs and either of 2 different neurotoxins (kainic acid and 3-acetylpyridine).
(10) We report the effects of n-alkanols (n-butanol to n-octanol), methyl carboxylic esters (methyl propionate to methyl octanoate) and n-alkyl ketones (2-pentanone to 2-nonanone) on a fast reflex escape response to a mechanical stimulus in Gammarus.
(11) Examination of other potential inhibitors revealed a rank order of potency against calpain to be: peptidyl sulphonium methyl ketones > fluoromethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones >> acyloxymethyl ketones, an order which differs sharply from that found for cathespin B.
(12) Epigalanthamine, a diastereomer of GAL, was 130-times less potent in vitro in its effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes than the parent compound, and it did not differ significantly from the ketone galanthaminone.
(13) Also, a significant correlation was found between the levels of urine glucose and ketones and the level of acyl carnitine.
(14) This is in contrast to fasting adult dogs, which maintain glucohomeostasis and show only slightly decreased insulin levels, normal glucagon levels and a moderate increase of plasma ketone bodies.
(15) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(16) The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone.
(17) Ketonic bodies participate in the power supply of cortex functions of satisfied one-day pigs but their contribution to the nerve tissue power of fasting one-and five-day pigs is insignificant.
(18) Mechanism-based inhibition of myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 was established by demonstrating: 1) time-dependent irreversible inactivation; 2) covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 to the purified phospholipase A2; 3) ablation of covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 after chemical inactivation of phospholipase A2 enzymic activity; 4) identical inhibition of myocardial phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 in the absence or presence of nucleophilic scavengers; 5) Compound 1 is a substrate for myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 resulting in the generation of the electrophilic alpha-bromomethyl ketone; 6) phospholipase A2 inhibition requires the in situ generation of the reactive electrophile (i.e.
(19) Inhibition by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone indicates the presence of serine and histidine residues in the active center, respectively.
(20) In addition, adrenal S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and blood ketone bodies were determined Sections of adrenals were evaluated by electron microscopy for histopathological changes.