What's the difference between aldehyde and mercaptal?
Aldehyde
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain processes of oxidation.
Example Sentences:
(1) The compounds 1-3 in reaction with nicotine aldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde were transformed into appropriate anilides of 2,3-epoxypropionic acid 4-9.
(2) The effects of inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity on the sensitivity of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells to oxazaphosphorine anticancer agents, e.g.
(3) With cortisol and cortisol-21-aldehyde, product inhibition patterns showed only slope effects with steroid product and NAD+, suggesting a "random" mechanism.
(4) At alkaline pH, the Schiff's base equilibrium can be continuously and specifically displaced by reduction in situ with sodium cyanohydridoborate, which on the other hand leaves intact the reacting aldehyde groups of oxidized tRNA.
(5) At low (1-2 microM) concentrations of the drug, the oxidative demethylation of lanosterol was inhibited by about 70% in the subcellular fractions but there was no effect on the metabolism of the 3 beta, 32-diol or the 32-aldehyde.
(6) In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of aldehyde-amin-condensates a number of partly new unsymmetrically substituted animals was synthesized by reaction of formaldehyde with different secondary amines.
(7) Certain mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells also contain an aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the detoxification of aldophosphamide, but the specific identity of this enzyme remains to be established.
(8) A simple method for distinction between RNA- and DNA-containing structures in aldehyde- and osmiumtextroxide-fixed electron microscopic autoradiographs (or ordinary thin sections) is described: the developer and the acetic acid used for processing autoradiographs extract selectively uranium acetate from DNA containing-structures which, after staining with lead citrate, leads to a characteristically 'bleached' appearance of the DNA.
(9) One was identified as viridomycin A, the ferrous chelate of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzaldehyde; the second (actinoviridin A) was the corresponding carboxylic acid chelate and the third (viridomycin E) was a hybrid chelate containing both the aldehyde and acid ligands.
(10) Microfluorometric method has been described for the determination of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II activities in human erythrocyte, brain, and lens.
(11) The aldehyde is strongly bound in the active site along the entire length of the alkyl chain with the strongest interaction at the CHO group.
(12) These localizations correspond best to the clear areas found in aldehyde-fixed tissue.
(13) The differences between periodate- and NAGO-induced aldehydes were demonstrated by flow cytometry of cells stained with a novel fluoresceinated hydrazide and by an electrophoretic procedure performed with biocytin hydrazide and 125I-streptavidin.
(14) Major fatty aldehydes of the phosphatidylethanolamine were 14:0 (62%), unidentified long chain forms (24%), 16:0 (7%), 18:0 (4%), 18:1 (3%).
(15) The symmetrical reagent 5,5'-dithiobis-(1-methyltetrazole) activates mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase approximately 4-fold, whereas the smaller related compound methyl l-methyltetrazol-5-yl disulphide is a potent inactivator.
(16) Microwave fixation in dilute aldehyde solution has been reported to be superior to fixation in formaldehyde for the preservation of antigens.
(17) Clofibrate treatment caused a 1.5 to 2.3-fold increase in the liver specific aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
(18) In addition, there are basic differences in the PNI formation on aldehyde-treated pericardium and natural aortic valves as compared to the Dacron fabric.
(19) The oxazolidine molecules were synthesized through the condensation of ephedrine and ephedrine-related molecules with aromatic aldehydes.
(20) The particles stain adequately with lead after aldehyde-OsO(4) fixation in phosphate buffer and provide a relatively wide set of probes ( approximately 45 A-300 A) for work on the large and small pore systems.
Mercaptal
Definition:
(n.) Any one of a series of compounds of mercaptans with aldehydes.
Example Sentences:
(1) 1989), assumes the concerted binding of the mercaptate sulphur to the carbonyl carbon and the sulfhydryl hydrogen to the amide nitrogen with simultaneous breaking of the S-H bond.
(2) Using HPLC, the present authors found the nonmercapt-mercapt conversion (HNA----HMA) during hemodialysis and the mercapt-nonmercapt conversion (HMA----HNA) after hemodialysis in chronic renal failure, indicating HMA as the covalent carrier protein for sulfur-containing amino acids.
(3) Using HPLC analysis, the nonmercapt----mercapt conversion of HSA during haemodialysis and the mercapt----nonmercapt conversion after haemodialysis in chronic renal failure were re-confirmed, indicating that HMA is a covalent carrier protein for sulphur-containing amino acids.
(4) The protective effect of gold salts on the lysosomal membrane may be explained by the formation of chemical complexes between gold and sulfhydryl groups present in the membrane, resulting in stable mercaptic bonds.
(5) Plasma glucose values sampled on occasions including overnight fasting and postprandial ones (r = -0.441, n = 47, P < 0.01), but not plasma glucose values sampled on overnight fasting (r = -0.345, n = 29) or postprandial (r = -0.467, n = 18) conditions and HbA1c (r = -0.211, n = 34), negatively correlated with the f(HMA) values, indicating that mercapt-nonmercapt conversion may not be due to cumulative hyperglycemia over a month, but due to short-term alteration in blood glucose level.
(6) We studied the conversion of HMA to HNA (mercapt-nonmercapt conversion) as an index of oxidative change of the tissues and organs in 28 normal subjects and in a total of 47 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
(7) The reactants were modelled by methyl mercaptate and acetamide, respectively.
(8) In the presence of excess thiol or ascorbic acid the "semimercaptal" is reduced to 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfenic phenylamide without transient formation of a complete "mercaptal".