(n.) A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees.
(a.) Alt. of Aller
Example Sentences:
(1) This was caused by ingestion of branches of the alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus (mill.)
(2) If the majority of relevant tree pollens are to be included in a diagnostic or therapeutic programme in Western Sweden it should contain birch, alder, hazel, beech and bog-myrtle allergens.
(3) Alder was travelling to New Zealand with his friend Liam Sweeney, 28, to watch their team play pre-season friendlies.
(4) In previous experiments it was found that birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak are pollens with importance in pathogenesis of early pollinosis in our region of Central Europe.
(5) Cross-incubations: birch pollen incubated with antibodies against hazel (Ab-CA), or alder (Ab-AI), showed various intensities of gold labelling for each of the three species.
(6) Three diastereomers of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl phenyl sulfoxide were prepared by Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloadditions between phenyl vinyl sulfoxide and cyclopentadiene.
(7) Both had Alder type granulations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to a lesser degree in monocytes.
(8) This paper documents the experience at the Royal Liverpool Childrens Hospital, Alder Hey, from 1973 to 1989.
(9) We reported earlier that NTP react with unsaturated lipids in a pseudo Diels-Alder reaction, thus forming stable nitroxide radicals.
(10) An improved, large scale synthesis of the ergosteryl acetate-maleic anhydride Diels-Alder adduct and its pyrolysis are described.
(11) Partial identity between the major allergens of birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak pollen extract could be identified by means of RAST-, ELISA- and CRIE-inhibition as well as further types of crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
(12) In the 1960s and 70s it was Dutch elm disease, which killed 30m trees; in the 1990s it was a new Phytophthora which devastated alders along riverbanks.
(13) Mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1, was exposed to acetone extracts of hardwoods (alder and aspen), softwoods (pine and a mixture of pine and spruce) and cellulose materials.
(14) Thirty-nine children with rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch pollinosis were given immunotherapy for 3 years with a potent, purified pollen preparation made from either birch alone or from a mixture of birch, alder and hazel.
(15) With the present demands for purification and standardization of allergen extracts it is of practical and economic interest to know that tree pollen-allergic patients showing positive reactions to birch, alder and hazel extracts can be effectively treated using birch pollen extract alone.
(16) A detailed analysis was made of the reactivity patterns of birch pollen-allergic subjects from Norway and Australia to the various IgE-binding components of pollens from several different birch and alder species.
(17) Results reported here provide the first evidence of birch and alder pollen allergies in Australia.
(18) The content of antigens and allergens of alder (Alnus incana), birch (Betula verrucosa), timothy (Phleum pratense), cat and dog dander, house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), mould (Cladosporium herbarum), hen egg white and codfish (DIII) were investigated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed radio immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), radio allergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition and quantitative precipitation inhibition analysis by laser nephelometry.
(19) The treatment of vitamin D3 acetate with selenium dioxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide leads to a mixture from which a Diels-Alder dimer of 1-oxotransvitamin D3 acetate was isolated.
(20) Among the British victims were Newcastle United fans John Alder, who was in his 60s, and Liam Sweeney, 28, who were travelling to New Zealand to watch the football team's pre-season tour.
Birch
Definition:
(n.) A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch (B. lenta).
(n.) The wood or timber of the birch.
(n.) A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.
(n.) A birch-bark canoe.
(a.) Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.
(v. t.) To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.
Example Sentences:
(1) Sixty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch pollen were enrolled in an open, randomized parallel group study.
(2) If the majority of relevant tree pollens are to be included in a diagnostic or therapeutic programme in Western Sweden it should contain birch, alder, hazel, beech and bog-myrtle allergens.
(3) Bet v I, the major birch pollen allergen, could be extracted easily from pollen, and in low amounts from callus and leaves.
(4) In the case of initially negative tests with positive second and third SPTs the incidence ranged between 3.2% (cat dander) and 4.3% (birch pollen) per year.
(5) The sera that did not detect the 15 kD bands in celery failed to react with both the 15 kD mugwort component and the 14 and 16 kD birch components.
(6) In previous experiments it was found that birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak are pollens with importance in pathogenesis of early pollinosis in our region of Central Europe.
(7) We conclude that in children with birch pollinosis oral immunotherapy with high doses of a biologically potent preparation in enteric-coated capsules is effective, easy to perform, economic and safe.
(8) The patients selected for study were subjects with a combined inhalant allergy to birch pollen and an oral allergy to apple fruit.
(9) In the same area, the birch pollen load was 2.8 times higher, which caused specific IgE in 10.5% as against 3.5% of the other group (P less than 0.01) as well as positive skin prick test in 9.0% as against 3.5% (P less than 0.05).
(10) Moreover, a major pollen allergen in birch (BetvI) has a 44% identity with PvPR1 proteins.
(11) It appears that screening for an IgE-mediated allergy can be performed with a limited number of skin tests (rye grass, timothy, birch, house dust mite and cat).
(12) RAST investigations on the sera of 27 patients suffering from celery allergy showed specific IgE to mugwort and birch in 15 cases; sensitization to mugwort or birch alone only occurred in 5 and 7 cases, respectively.
(13) Nine patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by birch pollen and five healthy nonatopic control subjects participated in the present study, which started 1 wk before the birch pollen season and continued throughout the entire pollen season.
(14) Of all positive RAST reactions observed, 74% were against the following allergens: horse and cat epithelium, birch and timothy pollen, and house dust.
(15) Thus 98% of atopic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were detected by an allergen panel consisting of timothy, birch and mugwort.
(16) The sera selected were positive in the RAST for both birch pollen and fruits.
(17) Cross-incubations: birch pollen incubated with antibodies against hazel (Ab-CA), or alder (Ab-AI), showed various intensities of gold labelling for each of the three species.
(18) We have studied the influence of substance P (SP) on the proliferative response of concanavalin A (ConA)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 birch pollen-allergic patients, sampled before and during the pollen season, and from 15 normal individuals.
(19) The beavers have felled most of the bankside birch, sycamore and other trees they like to eat and use for their dams.
(20) Nine asthmatic patients with an allergy to birch or timothy underwent bronchial allergen provocations on three different trial days, with intervals of 2 to 5 wk.