(n.) An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.
Example Sentences:
(1) Water stress inhibits the gibberellic acid (GA(3))-induced synthesis of alpha-amylase in aleurone layers of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
(2) Northern blot analyses indicated that related transcripts are present in aleurones, coleoptiles, endosperms, internodes, leaves, ovules, roots and root tips, with highest levels of expression in the aleurones and endosperms.
(3) We show that P is required for accumulation in the pericarp of transcripts of two genes (A1 and C2) encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis--genes also regulated by C1 in the aleurone.
(4) We anticipate that perception of GA by aleurone cells involves an interaction between the ligand and specific receptors and that this event leads to the observed stimulation in transcription of alpha-amylase, and probably other, aleurone genes.
(5) In the aleurone cells, the cytoplasm and the outer portion of the wall are autofluorescent; tannic acid-ferric chloride stains the outer portion of the wall and allows to see clearly the inner thickenings, DAPI and haematoxylin demonstrate the presence of the nucleus.
(6) Polyadenylated mRNA was purified from the aleurone cells of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar) seeds germinated for 18 h and used for the construction of a cDNA library.
(7) DNA mobility-shift during electrophoresis indicated that a 500-base-pair sequence (HS500) of a rice alpha-amylase genomic clone (OSamy-a) specifically interacted with a factor from gibberellin-induced rice aleurone tissue.
(8) After 4-6 h of treatment, GA3 induced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i from 50 to 150 nM in aleurone protoplasts.
(9) VFA concentrations in hepatic portal venous plasma were proportional to caecal concentrations with very high (greater than 3 mM) values being recorded in the aleurone group.
(10) AMY1-1-AMY1-4 are indistinguishable from malt AMY1 with respect to Ca(2+)-, substrate-, and beta-cyclodextrin-binding as well as recognition by three monoclonal antibodies and limited proteolysis by proteinase K. Transient AMY1 precursors present in barley aleurone protoplasts were trapped by addition of serine carboxypeptidase inhibitors, indicating that endogenous carboxypeptidase participates in the maturation of AMY1 during germination.
(11) In transient expression assays using barley aleurone protoplasts and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase as reporter the promoter of the isoenzyme I gene showed no response to GA3.
(12) Messenger RNAs encoding low- and high-pI alpha-amylase isozymes were detectable in both the embryo and aleurone and accumulated at different rates in each tissue.
(13) An earlier report (Baulcombe, D. C., and Buffard, D. (1983) Planta 157, 493-501) described the isolation of cDNA clones from mRNAs which are produced in increased amounts when aleurone layers of wheat are treated with gibberellic acid.
(14) Hormone binding assays with aleurone have not revealed a candidate receptor, and the only aspect of signal transduction that is becoming understood is the likely interaction between specific trans-acting factors and cis-elements in the GA-regulation of alpha-amylase gene transcription.
(15) The endonuclease activity of the aleurone tissue incubated with gibberellic acid is higher than the level of this endonuclease in tissue treated with abscisic acid or water alone.
(16) Water stress does not cause a marked decrease in the total RNA level of aleurone cells.
(17) The type A mRNAs are present in relatively large amounts in unstimulated aleurone cells and increase about 20-fold after stimulation with gibberellic acid.
(18) This ranking probably reflected the ease of fermentation of fibre polysaccharides by colonic bacteria which also resulted in a considerably higher faecal bacterial mass in the aleurone group.
(19) The addition of gibberellic acid to isolated aleurone layers of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) causes the production and secretion of four alpha-amylases.
(20) We have determined the nucleotide sequences of Amy32b, a type A alpha-amylase gene, and of the gene for aleurain, a thiol protease closely related to mammalian cathepsin H. Both are expressed in barley aleurone cells under control of the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, but only aleurain is expressed at high levels in other barley tissues.
Cereal
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.
(n.) Any grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) Several oilseed and legume protein products were fed to rats as the sole source of dietary protein, and in blends with cereals for the determination of protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological availability of amino acids.
(2) The processes of germination and gruel preparation of germinated materials contributed to the digestibility of weaning foods prepared from cereals and legumes.
(3) Samples of raw cereals imported in Italy and of other foodstuffs that can be treated with bromine-containing fumigants were analysed for the total bromide content.
(4) Wastewater from Mexico city is used to irrigate over 85 000 hectares, mainly of fodder and cereal crops in the Mezquital Valley.
(5) In cereals and legume seeds the activity of chymotrypsin inhibitors is generally lower than that of the trypsin inhibitors.
(6) The restaurant was already castigated by Channel Four News for serving £4 bowls of cereal in a borough in which thousands of poor families can’t afford to feed their children.
(7) A comparison was made of the kinetics of the carboxylation reaction of bicarbonate-magnesium-activated ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase purified from cold-hardened and unhardened winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv.
(8) Alkaline ribonuclease (pH optimum 7.6) was isolated from rye (Secale cereale L) germ cytosol and partially purified; the preparation was devoid of other nucleolytic activities.
(9) The data reported here indicates that Korean cereals harvested in 1984 are simultaneously contaminated with NIV, DON and ZEN, and the incidences and levels are similar to those observed in the cereals harvested in 1983.
(10) Although intestinal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity, as determined by benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, was greatly reduced (65-90%) in animals maintained on a semipurified control diet compared with standard cereal-based chow, there were no differences observed in heme oxygenase activity between the two dietary treatment groups.
(11) Foods such as legumes appear to be digested less rapidly than many cereal foods although even amongst these large differences in rates of in vitro digestion exist.
(12) Nuts, tomatoes, milk, eggs and cereals were most frequently involved.
(13) The effect of chain length and unsaturation on the haemolytic properties of cereal resorcinolic lipids, (5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols), was studied using isolated saturated, monoenoic and dienoic homologues.
(14) The completness of the lipids removal from the fish muscles and fish products was investigated by making extraction in a filtering separating funnel (FSF) formerly proposed for determining lipids in oil-bearing seeds and cereals.
(15) Canned spaghetti and meat balls, the TV dinner, canned chicken-and-vegetable baby food, and food bars had PER values between 91 and 73 per cent of that of casein, while PER values for ground beef and high-protein cereal were significantly higher than casein.
(16) Of 1353 cereal samples, 11.7% contained the mycotoxin; of 1372 samples of feed, 1.5%; of 368 bread samples, 17.2%; of 215 flour samples, 22.3%; of 894 porcine serum samples, 37.4%; and of 1065 human serum samples, 7.2%.
(17) "I'd just ask what type of breakfast cereal they like," he says.
(18) We face a number of technical challenges in reducing it further in our cereals.
(19) Two mixed-food breakfast meals composed predominantly of either red kidney beans or bran cereal were fed to six healthy young men.
(20) It contains the largest introns of all the cereal alpha-amylase-encoding genes examined to date.