(n.) A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.
(2) This malformation was demonstrated in alcian-blue- and alizarin-red-stained fetal skeletons by measurements of the distance between the cartilaginous ends of each vertebral arch.
(3) Malformations were detected by outer inspection for gross anomalies, by means of the razor blade technique for malformations of organs and by alizarin preparations for detecting anomalies of the osseuos skeleton.
(4) Other biologic substances producing a red color without the formation of precipitates showed a disappearance of the red color and resumption of the yellow color of alizarine red S above pH = 3.8.
(5) A novel and important observation made is that the different caffeine treatments affected the staining by alizarin of both claws and bones in a qualitatively and quantitatively similar manner.
(6) The fibular hemimelia observed in all drug-treated term fetuses stained with alizarin appeared to result from lack of development of the proximal half of the cartilage model.
(7) A method which localizes labile 5% ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether)N-N'-tetraacetic acid-removable calcium in spherules within hypertrophied chondrocytes and in pericellular matrix using alizarin red S (ARS) is described.
(8) Freshly excised sheep corneal buttons were exposed to increasing concentrations of fluorouracil for four hours and were subsequently evaluated microscopically using vital staining with alizarin red and trypan blue.
(9) In the excised corneas, the cell borders were visualized by osmotically induced dilation of intercellular spaces, alizarin red staining, and a combination of alizarin red and trypan blue staining.
(10) Ruberythric acid and alizarin glucuronide, the biologic secretion product obtained from the alizarin derivative, stop the crystallization of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in the physiologic milieu of the urine.
(11) The naturally-occurring anthraquinones (AQs), alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and lucidin (1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), were incubated with DNA in the presence of S9 mix.
(12) A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of boron with Alizarin Red S is described.
(13) The chemical nature of the Alizarin red S reaction product in sites of calcium deposits is discussed.
(14) The endothelium was examined and re-examined at different intervals by using a phase contrast microscope and dual vital staining with alizarin-red S and trypan-blue.
(15) Growth and remodelling of the first cervical vertebra were studied in the rat by means of biometry, vital staining (alizarin red S and oxytetracycline), and histology.
(16) A new technique for the staining of the corneal endothelium is presented, in which the actions of the vital stain, rose bengal, and the intercellular stain, alizarin red S, are combined.
(17) Endothelial cell loss was determined by vital staining with Trypan blue and Alizarin red S. Average endothelial cell loss with the intercapsular technique was 1.2%; with the can opener technique the cell loss was 6.6%.
(18) Microsomal membranes prepared from the mesophilic yeast Candida lipolytica grown at 10 degrees C were hydrogenated by the homogeneous Pd-catalyst, palladium di (sodium alizarine sulfonate) (Pd(QS)2).
(19) The Michaelis constants for glucosyluridyl diphosphate (UDP-glucose) was 10.8 microM for 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin) 110 microM; the maximum rate of glucosylation reaction was 5.32 mumol per s per mg protein.
(20) In addition to reduced mineralization as detected by alizarin staining, significant changes were also observed in the extracellular matrix of the embryonic bones.
Anthracene
Definition:
(n.) A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Female CD-1 mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene and topically promoted three times weekly for 20 weeks with doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 nmol mirex.
(2) The inhibitory effect of topical garlic extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters was studied to define the local anticarcinogenicity of garlic.
(3) Mitoxantrone is an anthracene derivative that acts as a cytostatic in a variety of cancers.
(4) In another series of experiments, the effects of an anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AA), were measured after stimulation of electrogenic HCO3- secretion with cAMP.
(5) --In this fashion, six polycyclic aromatic compounds with differing carcinogenic activities were tested:benzo(a)-pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, fluoranthene, and cyclopenteno (c,d)pyrene.
(6) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(7) Anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene and perylene did not significantly suppress the antibody-forming cell response compared to the corn oil vehicle controls.
(8) Heterotopic tracheal transplants of rats were exposed in vivo to 150 or 640 microng of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) delivered over 2 weeks, and the epithelium was studied in vitro in an attempt to identify changes in growth behavior during early phases of neoplastic development.
(9) 5-Methylchrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benz[a]anthracene, which have relatively high IP, were inactive.
(10) The in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by the polycyclic hydrocarbons, 7,12-dimethylbena[a]anthracene and 3-methylcholanthrene and some of the related dihydrodiols was investigated.
(11) The results indicate that, in mouse skin microsomes, a cytochrome P-450 induced by benz(a)anthracene is enzymatically and immunochemically similar to rat liver cytochrome P-450MC-1.
(12) The PCAH's identified in SRF-carbon black were: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(mno)fluoranthene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 1,2-benzopyrene, 3,4-benzopyrene, perylene, o-phenylene pyrene 1,2-benzoperylene, anthanthrene, and coronene.
(13) In normal fibres in normal Ringer 3-chloro-2,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid; 5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-7-carboxybenz[c]acridine; phenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid; and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid at 10(-5)-10(-4)M decreased membrane conductance without consistently changing diameter or capacitance.
(14) An attempt was made to separate estrogen from prolactin dependency of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumors at 2.5 and 5 months after DMBA injection.
(15) Inducibility by dcAMP plus aminophylline or by benz (a) anthracene varied in different cell lines.
(16) Thus, the 8,9-dihydrodiol-10,11-epoxide of 7,12-dimethylbenz]a[anthracene, analogous to the biologically active 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide of benzo]a[pyrene, a mutagen that is believed to be an active intermediate in carcinogenesis by benzo]a[pyrene, should probably exist preferentially in a conformation bearing the8-hydroxyl group in the axial orientation.
(17) Omission of adrenocorticotrophic hormone lowered the oxidation of mitochondrial glutathione induced by 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene about twofold.
(18) 4,4'-DDT greater than aldrin, 4,4'-DDE and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) greater than 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-B(a)P) greater than benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P).
(19) Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mouse skin were produced by three different protocols of chemical carcinogenesis, i.e., complete carcinogenesis with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) two-stage carcinogenesis with DMBA as initiator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promoter and three stage carcinogenesis with DMBA, TPA and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as third-stage agent or progressor.
(20) Sphingosine (SPH) was studied as an inhibitor of skin tumor promotion in skin cancer initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).