What's the difference between alizarin and naphthazarin?
Alizarin
Definition:
(n.) A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.
(2) This malformation was demonstrated in alcian-blue- and alizarin-red-stained fetal skeletons by measurements of the distance between the cartilaginous ends of each vertebral arch.
(3) Malformations were detected by outer inspection for gross anomalies, by means of the razor blade technique for malformations of organs and by alizarin preparations for detecting anomalies of the osseuos skeleton.
(4) Other biologic substances producing a red color without the formation of precipitates showed a disappearance of the red color and resumption of the yellow color of alizarine red S above pH = 3.8.
(5) A novel and important observation made is that the different caffeine treatments affected the staining by alizarin of both claws and bones in a qualitatively and quantitatively similar manner.
(6) The fibular hemimelia observed in all drug-treated term fetuses stained with alizarin appeared to result from lack of development of the proximal half of the cartilage model.
(7) A method which localizes labile 5% ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether)N-N'-tetraacetic acid-removable calcium in spherules within hypertrophied chondrocytes and in pericellular matrix using alizarin red S (ARS) is described.
(8) Freshly excised sheep corneal buttons were exposed to increasing concentrations of fluorouracil for four hours and were subsequently evaluated microscopically using vital staining with alizarin red and trypan blue.
(9) In the excised corneas, the cell borders were visualized by osmotically induced dilation of intercellular spaces, alizarin red staining, and a combination of alizarin red and trypan blue staining.
(10) Ruberythric acid and alizarin glucuronide, the biologic secretion product obtained from the alizarin derivative, stop the crystallization of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in the physiologic milieu of the urine.
(11) The naturally-occurring anthraquinones (AQs), alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and lucidin (1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), were incubated with DNA in the presence of S9 mix.
(12) A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of boron with Alizarin Red S is described.
(13) The chemical nature of the Alizarin red S reaction product in sites of calcium deposits is discussed.
(14) The endothelium was examined and re-examined at different intervals by using a phase contrast microscope and dual vital staining with alizarin-red S and trypan-blue.
(15) Growth and remodelling of the first cervical vertebra were studied in the rat by means of biometry, vital staining (alizarin red S and oxytetracycline), and histology.
(16) A new technique for the staining of the corneal endothelium is presented, in which the actions of the vital stain, rose bengal, and the intercellular stain, alizarin red S, are combined.
(17) Endothelial cell loss was determined by vital staining with Trypan blue and Alizarin red S. Average endothelial cell loss with the intercapsular technique was 1.2%; with the can opener technique the cell loss was 6.6%.
(18) Microsomal membranes prepared from the mesophilic yeast Candida lipolytica grown at 10 degrees C were hydrogenated by the homogeneous Pd-catalyst, palladium di (sodium alizarine sulfonate) (Pd(QS)2).
(19) The Michaelis constants for glucosyluridyl diphosphate (UDP-glucose) was 10.8 microM for 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin) 110 microM; the maximum rate of glucosylation reaction was 5.32 mumol per s per mg protein.
(20) In addition to reduced mineralization as detected by alizarin staining, significant changes were also observed in the extracellular matrix of the embryonic bones.
Naphthazarin
Definition:
(n.) A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster; -- called also naphthalizarin.
Example Sentences:
(1) A number of 2-chloromethyl and 2-bromomethyl derivatives of naphthoquinones, quinolinediones, and naphthazarins were designed and synthesized as potential bioreductive alkylating agents, and the antitumor activity of these compounds was assessed in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites cells.
(2) Among naphthol derivatives tested in the Ames assay, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or naphthazarin was found to be the most effective inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene mutagenicity.
(3) Naphthazarin (5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the basic unit of several tetracyclic antitumor antibiotics, and its glutathione conjugate were reduced by the one- and two-electron transfer flavoproteins NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and DT-diaphorase to their semi- and hydroquinone forms, respectively.
(4) Screening results indicated that 1,4-diacetyl-6,7-dimethyl-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalene and 5,8-bis(benzoyloxy)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone possessed borderline activity against leukemia P388 and that naphthazarin diacetate possessed confirmed cytotoxicity against the cell culture of human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
(5) Tricrozarin A exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and yeast in vitro and is the first tetra-oxygenated naphthazarin derivative isolated from higher plants.
(6) The present results are discussed in terms of the relative contribution of one- and two-electron transfer flavoproteins to the bioreductive activation of naphthazarin and its glutathionyl conjugate as well as the importance of autoxidation reactions in the mechanism(s) of quinone cytotoxicity.
(7) DT-diaphorase reduced the naphthazarin-glutathione conjugate with an efficiency 5-fold lower than that observed with the parent quinone.
(8) Metabolite separations showed a decrease in microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodoil upon addition of naphthazarin.
(9) Naphthazarine and SQA were found to be ineffective on induction of SCEs.
(10) Since both NADP and dicoumarol inhibited the naphthazarin-stimulated non-stoichiometric consumption of NADPH and oxygen then naphthazarin redox cycling probably involves both DT-diaphorase and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase.
(11) Some 2,3-bis(substituted methyl)naphthazarins and related compounds were synthesized by the Diels-Alder reaction of benzoquinone and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene followed by oxidation and substitution reactions.
(12) The nucleophilic addition of GSH to naphthazarin proceeded with GSH consumption at rates slower than those observed with 1,4-naphthoquinone and its monohydroxy derivative, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.
(13) A novel naphthazarin derivative, tricrozarin A, has been isolated from the fresh bulbs of Tritonia crocosmaeflora and was characterized as 5,8-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxynaphthazarin).
(14) Both enzymes hydroxylated juglone, naphthazarin, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, but they were completely inactive against naphtholes.
(15) The inhibitory activity is due in part to the redox cycling of naphthazarin with the concommitant transfer of reducing equivalents from NADPH to molecular oxygen, thus diverting electrons from cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
(16) Except for one of the synthetics, naphthazarin, which is no longer fractured, we had samples of all of these.
(17) The effect of diplatinum complexes of the binucleating ligands of naphthazarine and squaric acid on Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) rates and human lymphocyte proliferation kinetics was studied.
(18) Superoxide dismutase at catalytic concentrations (nM range) enhanced slightly (1.1- to 1.6-fold) the autoxidation following the enzymatic catalysis of naphthazarin.
(19) Autoxidation accompanied the DT-diaphorase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase catalysis of naphthazarin and its glutathionyl adduct as well as the 1,4-reductive addition of GSH to naphthazarin.