(n.) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.
Example Sentences:
(1) Significant amounts of 35S-labeled material were lost during the alkali treatment.
(2) The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.
(3) Rabbits eating Rabbit Chow excreted a very alkaline urine, but rats eating the same diet excreted much less alkali when expressed per kilogram of body weight.
(4) From these findings it is concluded that cardiac performance and carbohydrate metabolism are accelerated in alkali and depressed in acid perfusion, and that myocardial metabolism could be affected by pH not only secondary to the change of performance but also by itself.
(5) Electrophoresis, Sephadex chromatography, and ultrafiltration studies showed that the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen is comprised of lipid, polysaccharide, and protein and has a molecular weight range of 30,000 to 50,000.
(6) [Na+],[Cl-)and[alkali]were determined in the alkaline gastric juice samples (pH greater than 7.0).
(7) Plants placed in pure acid and alkali solutions were also able to neutralize the medium.
(8) TFP produced a more discrete block in the repair of alkali-labile lesions in DNA.
(9) Activation of GV by monochromatic 450-nm radiation causes two specific DNA changes in human P3 cells in culture as shown by alkaline elution techniques: single-strand breaks (i.e., alkali-labile sites plus frank strand scissions) and DNA-to-protein covalent bond crosslinks.
(10) Keratan sulphate was isolated from bovine intervertebral disc and bovine nasal septum after hydrolysis with proteinases and treatment with dilute alkali.
(11) It was necessary to avoid CsCl banding of procapsids in their preparation as this treatment altered both their pI and their sensitivity to alkali dissociation into 14S subunits.
(12) In these muscles, two kinds of mRNA for the cardiac myosin alkali light chain, identical with those in ventricular muscle, were expressed and their relative amount in each tissue was almost the same as that in ventricular muscle.
(13) The enzymes were detected and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis of alkali-denatured digestion products.
(14) The alkali cations selectivity sequence induced by ETH1811 is Li+ (1) greater than Na+ (0.08) greater than K+ (0.02) greater than Cs+ (0.008).
(15) When the monomer was further dissociated into constituent subunits in strong alkali or at high concentrations of SDS, the CD spectrum disappeared almost completely, indicating loss of the asymmetric interactions of the chromophoric heme a with its immediate environments, consisting of the subunit assembly.
(16) Addition of alkali to the culture media results in decrease of cell GAD activity, whereas increase of enzyme level occurs only in cells growing in unbuffered media.
(17) Chain breaks as measured in alkali were also measured and found to be enhanced by the dye; the ratio of breaks per iodine loss was 0.9.
(18) Alkali hydrolysates of elastins contained a radioactive peak that was eluted between proline and leucine.
(19) Under limiting concentration conditions, BLM and NCS induce alkali-labile sites in DNA without a subsequent cleavage of the chain.
(20) Hydrolysis with mild alkali yields anhydroretinol, as it does for synthetic retinyl phosphate, with absorption maxima at 388, 368, and 346 nm.
Alkaloid
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Alkaloidal
(n.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, alkaloid and insecticide modifications share many features but differ in how much the conducting properties of the pore are changed and whether the channel can close reversibly while the toxin remains bound.
(2) A clear structure-mutagenicity relationship was observed in a series of aporphine alkaloids (aporphine, dehydroaporphine, 7-oxoaporphine and 4,5-dioxoaporphine), and 10,11-non-substituted aporphines were suggested to exert their mutagenicity through metabolic activation of the 10,11 positions, possibly as the 10,11-epoxides.
(3) A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling.
(4) The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) senecionine was studied in vitro in incubations of rat, guinea pig, cow, horse, and sheep hepatic microsomes.
(5) They also displayed negative correlation between activities of protein-inhibitors and the total content of protein and alkaloids.
(6) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(7) The resistant strains exhibited cross resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, colchicine.
(8) In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
(9) The alkaloid tubulosine inhibits the process of peptide chain elongation by eukaryotic polysomes by specifically preventing the elongation-factor-2-dependent step of translocation.
(10) Cultured roots of Stephania cepharantha, which are rich sources of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, were fed 14C-labelled tyrosine, tyramine or dopamine.
(11) As a possible mechanism underlying the alterations of DRP, the functional consequences of atrophic changes of primary central afferent terminals are being discussed in terms of the close correlation between structure and function and the possible inferences of the electrophysiological reaction to the therapeutic application of Vinca alkaloids in the iontophoretic treatment of chronic intractable pain.
(12) The poisonous principles in tansy ragwort are pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause gradual alteration and necrosis of liver cells with replacement by fibrous tissue.
(13) In this study, the roots of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall were examined and the isolation and identification of additional indole alkaloids and some pharmacological properties of coronaridine are described.
(14) The area ratios of four alkaloids (tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) to cocaine are calculated for each sample.
(15) The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin).
(16) Effects of solution variables on the binding and self-association explain the wide variation of reported apparent binding constants for Vinca alkaloids to tubulin.
(17) The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date.
(18) Strong enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed after treatment with the active cyclophosphamide (CY) derivative Z 7557 or the plant alkaloid VP-16 at the site of sensitization.
(19) A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice.
(20) Possible mechanisms underlying these effects of insecticides on alkaloid-dependent uptake are discussed in light of a qualitative model formulated from these results and previous biochemical and electrophysiological studies.