(n.) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.
Example Sentences:
(1) Significant amounts of 35S-labeled material were lost during the alkali treatment.
(2) The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.
(3) Rabbits eating Rabbit Chow excreted a very alkaline urine, but rats eating the same diet excreted much less alkali when expressed per kilogram of body weight.
(4) From these findings it is concluded that cardiac performance and carbohydrate metabolism are accelerated in alkali and depressed in acid perfusion, and that myocardial metabolism could be affected by pH not only secondary to the change of performance but also by itself.
(5) Electrophoresis, Sephadex chromatography, and ultrafiltration studies showed that the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen is comprised of lipid, polysaccharide, and protein and has a molecular weight range of 30,000 to 50,000.
(6) [Na+],[Cl-)and[alkali]were determined in the alkaline gastric juice samples (pH greater than 7.0).
(7) Plants placed in pure acid and alkali solutions were also able to neutralize the medium.
(8) TFP produced a more discrete block in the repair of alkali-labile lesions in DNA.
(9) Activation of GV by monochromatic 450-nm radiation causes two specific DNA changes in human P3 cells in culture as shown by alkaline elution techniques: single-strand breaks (i.e., alkali-labile sites plus frank strand scissions) and DNA-to-protein covalent bond crosslinks.
(10) Keratan sulphate was isolated from bovine intervertebral disc and bovine nasal septum after hydrolysis with proteinases and treatment with dilute alkali.
(11) It was necessary to avoid CsCl banding of procapsids in their preparation as this treatment altered both their pI and their sensitivity to alkali dissociation into 14S subunits.
(12) In these muscles, two kinds of mRNA for the cardiac myosin alkali light chain, identical with those in ventricular muscle, were expressed and their relative amount in each tissue was almost the same as that in ventricular muscle.
(13) The enzymes were detected and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis of alkali-denatured digestion products.
(14) The alkali cations selectivity sequence induced by ETH1811 is Li+ (1) greater than Na+ (0.08) greater than K+ (0.02) greater than Cs+ (0.008).
(15) When the monomer was further dissociated into constituent subunits in strong alkali or at high concentrations of SDS, the CD spectrum disappeared almost completely, indicating loss of the asymmetric interactions of the chromophoric heme a with its immediate environments, consisting of the subunit assembly.
(16) Addition of alkali to the culture media results in decrease of cell GAD activity, whereas increase of enzyme level occurs only in cells growing in unbuffered media.
(17) Chain breaks as measured in alkali were also measured and found to be enhanced by the dye; the ratio of breaks per iodine loss was 0.9.
(18) Alkali hydrolysates of elastins contained a radioactive peak that was eluted between proline and leucine.
(19) Under limiting concentration conditions, BLM and NCS induce alkali-labile sites in DNA without a subsequent cleavage of the chain.
(20) Hydrolysis with mild alkali yields anhydroretinol, as it does for synthetic retinyl phosphate, with absorption maxima at 388, 368, and 346 nm.
Saponify
Definition:
(v. t.) To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.
Example Sentences:
(1) Reuse of cuprophane and saponified cellulose ester resulted in a marked attenuation of the intradialytic fall in leukocyte counts after 15 min (change in white blood cell count: -72 and -17% for first-use and third-reuse cuprophane, -72 and -23% for saponified cellulose, respectively), but had no influence on the increase in beta 2M.
(2) (1) By incubation in 0.1 M NaOH for 10 min at room temperature, it is possible to "saponify" some of the methyl carboxylate linkages in bulk yeast tRNA.
(3) The components present in the non-saponifiable fraction were separated and isolated by t.l.c.
(4) Similar values were also obtained when only partially saponified free fatty acids were present as lipids.
(5) By acidic mathanolysis, we have prepared the deacetylated methyl ester, methyl glycoside of NAcNA, as well as a saponified product.
(6) Organisms were saponified in methanolic NaOH, and the reaction mixture was treated with BF(3) in methanol and extracted with a hexane-chloroform mixture.
(7) Derivatized acidic chloroform extracts of saponified whole cells of Mycobacterium species, spent culture media, and derivatized acidic chloroform extracts of serum and cerebrospinal fluids from patients with tuberculous meningitis were tested.
(8) Correlation studies of these data revealed that the intradialytic evolution of beta 2M was related to membrane pore size and, for membranes with a small pore size, to the intradialytic fluid losses: first-use cuprophane (p less than 0.05), saponified cellulose ester (p less than 0.001) and hemophane (p less than 0.01), and pooled first-use and reuse cuprophane and saponified cellulose ester (p less than 0.001).
(9) The lipids of human and equine smegma pools were saponified and the total fatty acids submitted to temperature programmed gas chromatography (GC) analysis.
(10) As the Actinomadura species contain in their mycelia large quantities of C15-C17 fatty acid residues as membrane phospholipids, these mycelia were saponified and the fatty acids obtained were analyzed as above.
(11) The muscle sample was homogenized, centrifuged at 100,000 x g, and the resulting pellet was saponified and acidified.
(12) The results are in agreement with those obtained using the non-saponifiables taken orally but the effects appear sooner and are localized essentially at skin level.
(13) The LE2 fraction from blood was isolated, saponified, and the hydrolyzed estradiol was then acetylated with [3H]acetic anhydride.
(14) Incubation of adipose tissue with labelled acetate and mevalonate revealed that the bulk of the labels in non-saponifiable lipids stayed in the large intermediate pools of methyl sterols and squalene in particular, fairly little being found in the cholesterol fraction itself.
(15) In in vivo tests subject to enquiry was incorporation of I--14C-acetate in non-saponified lipids, ubiquinone and sterines in the liver of rats receiving the usual ration of the vivarium or the one short of aromatic amino acids, and on this basis the relative rates of both the biosynthesis and decomposition of these compounds were determined.
(16) The cutaneous concentrations of retinol (vitamin A1), dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) and carotenoids were measured in extracts of saponified shave-biopsy specimens of uninvolved and involved skin from 33 patients with plaque psoriasis.
(17) In the course of measuring the concentration of cholesterol in an opacified dog cornea by gas-chromatography, relatively large amounts of an unidentified non-saponifiable lipid were recognized.
(18) Measurement of [14C]-Chol in the liposomes (supernatant) and parallel gas chromatographic analysis of extracted, saponified liposomes (n = 4) indicated that 30% of sperm Chol was removed by this procedure.
(19) The amount of the non-saponifying substance in the aldolase of intact animals is different and depends not only on the degree of the enzyme purification.
(20) 6-Fluoromevalonate blocks the incorporation of mevalonic acid, but not that of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, into non-saponifiable lipids in a rat liver multienzyme system.