What's the difference between alkaloid and ecgonine?
Alkaloid
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Alkaloidal
(n.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, alkaloid and insecticide modifications share many features but differ in how much the conducting properties of the pore are changed and whether the channel can close reversibly while the toxin remains bound.
(2) A clear structure-mutagenicity relationship was observed in a series of aporphine alkaloids (aporphine, dehydroaporphine, 7-oxoaporphine and 4,5-dioxoaporphine), and 10,11-non-substituted aporphines were suggested to exert their mutagenicity through metabolic activation of the 10,11 positions, possibly as the 10,11-epoxides.
(3) A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling.
(4) The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) senecionine was studied in vitro in incubations of rat, guinea pig, cow, horse, and sheep hepatic microsomes.
(5) They also displayed negative correlation between activities of protein-inhibitors and the total content of protein and alkaloids.
(6) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(7) The resistant strains exhibited cross resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, colchicine.
(8) In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
(9) The alkaloid tubulosine inhibits the process of peptide chain elongation by eukaryotic polysomes by specifically preventing the elongation-factor-2-dependent step of translocation.
(10) Cultured roots of Stephania cepharantha, which are rich sources of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, were fed 14C-labelled tyrosine, tyramine or dopamine.
(11) As a possible mechanism underlying the alterations of DRP, the functional consequences of atrophic changes of primary central afferent terminals are being discussed in terms of the close correlation between structure and function and the possible inferences of the electrophysiological reaction to the therapeutic application of Vinca alkaloids in the iontophoretic treatment of chronic intractable pain.
(12) The poisonous principles in tansy ragwort are pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause gradual alteration and necrosis of liver cells with replacement by fibrous tissue.
(13) In this study, the roots of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall were examined and the isolation and identification of additional indole alkaloids and some pharmacological properties of coronaridine are described.
(14) The area ratios of four alkaloids (tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) to cocaine are calculated for each sample.
(15) The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin).
(16) Effects of solution variables on the binding and self-association explain the wide variation of reported apparent binding constants for Vinca alkaloids to tubulin.
(17) The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date.
(18) Strong enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed after treatment with the active cyclophosphamide (CY) derivative Z 7557 or the plant alkaloid VP-16 at the site of sensitization.
(19) A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice.
(20) Possible mechanisms underlying these effects of insecticides on alkaloid-dependent uptake are discussed in light of a qualitative model formulated from these results and previous biochemical and electrophysiological studies.
Ecgonine
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine.
Example Sentences:
(1) The plasma was analyzed for COC and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME).
(2) The cocaine metabolites (-)-norcocaine, (-)-benzoylecgonine and (-)-ecgonine methyl ester inhibited BChE with Ki values of 15, 76 and 1300 microM, respectively.
(3) Increased chromatographic retention and detection sensitivity has been obtained by formation of the t-butyldimethylsilyl derivative of ecgonine methyl ester which was found to be stable in the HPLC mobile phase for at least 1 week.
(4) The influence of ecgonine, tropine, tropinon, and some of their derivatives, propan, N-methylpyrrholidine, N-methylpiperidine on impulse summation in the central nervous system, conditioned reflex of avoidance, antagonism to hexenal, synergisim to cocaine and also their toxicity (LD50) have been studied under experimental conditions.
(5) Benzoylnorecgonine and ecgonine were excreted in higher amounts and benzoylecgonine and norecgonine in lower amounts in the acute than in the chronically treated dogs.
(6) Norcocaine, benzoylnorecgonine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine, norecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and unidentified compounds were urinary metabolites of cocaine in both groups.
(7) Rapid, reliable, sensitive, qualitative, and quantitative methods using small urine volumes (0.2-0.5 mL) were developed primarily for confirmation of marijuana, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, morphine, codeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and phencyclidine.
(8) Ecgonine methyl ester was much less potent than cocaine, and O-benzoyl ecgonine was ineffective.
(9) A gas chromatographic procedure has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cocaine and benzoyl ecgonine in urine specimens.
(10) Twenty hair samples obtained from Bolivian mine workers who chewed 3-8 g of coca leaves daily for several years were analyzed for cocaine and its main metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME).
(11) Ecgonine methyl ester appears to have no significant effect on food intake or body weight.
(12) Mixtures of the naturally occurring (-)-cocaine and synthetically produced (+)-cocaine were hydrolyzed in water to (+) and (-)-benzoyl ecgonine.
(13) Cocaine and its principal metabolite, benzoyl ecgonine, were isolated from the urine of four hospitalized children who had been exposed to the smoke of freebase cocaine ("crack") used by their adult caretakers.
(14) A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method using 3-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (Br-DMEQ) as a fluorescent labeling reagent is described for the determination of benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine (EC).
(15) A method for the simultaneous analysis of cocaine (COC), derivatized benzoylecgonine (BE), and derivatized ecgonine methyl ester (EME) has been developed.
(16) The excretion kinetics of cocaine (C) and its two major metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZ) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), were determined by collecting all urine for 30 h from 5 cocaine users (subjects C, D, E, F, and G) given bolus doses followed by exponential cocaine infusions that delivered doses of 253 (subject C), 444 (subjects D, E, and F), and 700 mg (subject G).
(17) Other metabolites present were benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine, ecgonidine methyl ester, norcocaine, p-hydroxycocaine, and m-hydroxycocaine.
(18) This provided the basis for the determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine from the same sample.
(19) The effects of dietary supplements of cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, a coca leaf extract and powdered coca leaves on body weight and overall body metabolism were studied in the rat.
(20) Cocaine, benzoylecgonine, benzoylnorecgonine, norcocaine, ecgonine methyl ester but not ecgonine formed distinct molecular complexes with calcium chloride of the general formula [B. CaC12-2H20].