What's the difference between alkaloid and emetine?
Alkaloid
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Alkaloidal
(n.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, alkaloid and insecticide modifications share many features but differ in how much the conducting properties of the pore are changed and whether the channel can close reversibly while the toxin remains bound.
(2) A clear structure-mutagenicity relationship was observed in a series of aporphine alkaloids (aporphine, dehydroaporphine, 7-oxoaporphine and 4,5-dioxoaporphine), and 10,11-non-substituted aporphines were suggested to exert their mutagenicity through metabolic activation of the 10,11 positions, possibly as the 10,11-epoxides.
(3) A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling.
(4) The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) senecionine was studied in vitro in incubations of rat, guinea pig, cow, horse, and sheep hepatic microsomes.
(5) They also displayed negative correlation between activities of protein-inhibitors and the total content of protein and alkaloids.
(6) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(7) The resistant strains exhibited cross resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, colchicine.
(8) In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
(9) The alkaloid tubulosine inhibits the process of peptide chain elongation by eukaryotic polysomes by specifically preventing the elongation-factor-2-dependent step of translocation.
(10) Cultured roots of Stephania cepharantha, which are rich sources of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, were fed 14C-labelled tyrosine, tyramine or dopamine.
(11) As a possible mechanism underlying the alterations of DRP, the functional consequences of atrophic changes of primary central afferent terminals are being discussed in terms of the close correlation between structure and function and the possible inferences of the electrophysiological reaction to the therapeutic application of Vinca alkaloids in the iontophoretic treatment of chronic intractable pain.
(12) The poisonous principles in tansy ragwort are pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause gradual alteration and necrosis of liver cells with replacement by fibrous tissue.
(13) In this study, the roots of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall were examined and the isolation and identification of additional indole alkaloids and some pharmacological properties of coronaridine are described.
(14) The area ratios of four alkaloids (tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) to cocaine are calculated for each sample.
(15) The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin).
(16) Effects of solution variables on the binding and self-association explain the wide variation of reported apparent binding constants for Vinca alkaloids to tubulin.
(17) The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date.
(18) Strong enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed after treatment with the active cyclophosphamide (CY) derivative Z 7557 or the plant alkaloid VP-16 at the site of sensitization.
(19) A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice.
(20) Possible mechanisms underlying these effects of insecticides on alkaloid-dependent uptake are discussed in light of a qualitative model formulated from these results and previous biochemical and electrophysiological studies.
Emetine
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two protein synthesis inhibitors, emetine and cycloheximide, were investigated with respect to their effect on poly(A) shortening.
(2) Inhibition of protein synthesis by emetine caused an increase in the rate of recovery of the Bmax of ouabain binding, but no effect on the Kd, suggesting that the slow phase of recovery of the Bmax is attributable to the synthesis and insertion of new protein, while the rapid phase of recovery is independent of protein synthesis and may represent internalization.
(3) Inhibitors of distinct cellular processes, including ammonium chloride, emetine, and Brefeldin A, have been used to dissect the pathways utilized.
(4) During the infusion of emetine alone, ventricular myocardial contraction and systemic arterial pressure decreased abruptly.
(5) The pharmacological screening showed 3-azaemetine to be less toxic than emetine in the mouse and without antiamebic and antitumor activity against P 388 Leukaemia in the mouse (25).
(6) A clinically useful analytical method is described for monitoring plasma levels of emetine.
(7) The concentration of p34, a homolog of the yeast cdc2 gene product which has been recently shown to be a subunit of H1K, does not vary during the cell cycle and remains constant in emetine-treated cells.
(8) The inhibitory effect of cycloheximide on both the NK lysis and NK activation was reversible while that of emetine was irreversible.
(9) Emetine and chloroquine caused a dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of bacterial phagocytosis in rat peritoneal macrophages.
(10) Protein synthesis by rickettsiae in infected cells was determined to be the difference between emetine-resistant proline incorporation in the presence and absence of chloramphenicol.
(11) After a delay of 10-20 min, the antiamebic drug, emetine, (10 microM) increased the frequency of gMEPPs by about 10-fold without affecting nMEPP frequency.
(12) Like the Emt(RI) mutants, the increased resistance of Emt(RII) mutants results from another lesion in the polyribosomal fraction, as measured by the effects of emetine in fractionated extracts.
(13) Experiments where slices were pre-incubated with the protein synthesis inhibitor emetine indicated that there are two distinct phases to NE-induced potentiation.
(14) Progressive myopathy developed in two women who consumed ipecac syrup containing emetine hydrochloride to induce vomiting as part of their anorexia nervosa.
(15) The eliminated antigenicity of human class I MHC antigens (i.e., HLA-A,B,C) on MNC regenerated when cells were incubated in the medium at 37 degrees C for 10 h. The pretreatment of cells with emetine (10(-4) M), a protein synthesis inhibitor, was found to be effective in inhibiting this regeneration.
(16) Thyroglobulin (Tg)-binding peripheral blood T cells from a normal individual were fused with a T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat-AG9) treated by emetine and actinomycin D. Several cell lines were established from thus-prepared human T cell hybridomas.
(17) Nitrogen mustard and emetine have been shown to selectively inhibit DNA and protein synthesis, respectively, without systemic effects.
(18) Mice bearing ascitic sarcoma 180 or Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells when given a course of treatment with (-)-emetine or (-)-O-methyltubulosine have a substantially lower tumour load than untreated controls and correspondingly longer survival times.
(19) Others included injuries of the small intestine by punctures or administration of cytosine arabinoside, and the injection of protein synthesis inhibitors, such as cycloheximide or emetine, or the soluble fraction of the small intestinal homogenate (SISF).
(20) Low doses of cycloheximide or emetine cause rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity to rise up to twice the control levels in 2 h. By contrast, in the same interval no changes, or only a slight decrease, are produced by either drug at high dosage.