(n.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, alkaloid and insecticide modifications share many features but differ in how much the conducting properties of the pore are changed and whether the channel can close reversibly while the toxin remains bound.
(2) A clear structure-mutagenicity relationship was observed in a series of aporphine alkaloids (aporphine, dehydroaporphine, 7-oxoaporphine and 4,5-dioxoaporphine), and 10,11-non-substituted aporphines were suggested to exert their mutagenicity through metabolic activation of the 10,11 positions, possibly as the 10,11-epoxides.
(3) A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling.
(4) The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) senecionine was studied in vitro in incubations of rat, guinea pig, cow, horse, and sheep hepatic microsomes.
(5) They also displayed negative correlation between activities of protein-inhibitors and the total content of protein and alkaloids.
(6) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(7) The resistant strains exhibited cross resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, colchicine.
(8) In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
(9) The alkaloid tubulosine inhibits the process of peptide chain elongation by eukaryotic polysomes by specifically preventing the elongation-factor-2-dependent step of translocation.
(10) Cultured roots of Stephania cepharantha, which are rich sources of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, were fed 14C-labelled tyrosine, tyramine or dopamine.
(11) As a possible mechanism underlying the alterations of DRP, the functional consequences of atrophic changes of primary central afferent terminals are being discussed in terms of the close correlation between structure and function and the possible inferences of the electrophysiological reaction to the therapeutic application of Vinca alkaloids in the iontophoretic treatment of chronic intractable pain.
(12) The poisonous principles in tansy ragwort are pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause gradual alteration and necrosis of liver cells with replacement by fibrous tissue.
(13) In this study, the roots of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall were examined and the isolation and identification of additional indole alkaloids and some pharmacological properties of coronaridine are described.
(14) The area ratios of four alkaloids (tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) to cocaine are calculated for each sample.
(15) The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin).
(16) Effects of solution variables on the binding and self-association explain the wide variation of reported apparent binding constants for Vinca alkaloids to tubulin.
(17) The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date.
(18) Strong enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed after treatment with the active cyclophosphamide (CY) derivative Z 7557 or the plant alkaloid VP-16 at the site of sensitization.
(19) A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice.
(20) Possible mechanisms underlying these effects of insecticides on alkaloid-dependent uptake are discussed in light of a qualitative model formulated from these results and previous biochemical and electrophysiological studies.
Pilocarpine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor system.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the challenged guinea pigs, pilocarpine did not inhibit vagally induced bronchoconstriction.
(2) Effects of topical administration of a single dose of 2% pilocarpine on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter were evaluated in normotensive eyes of 10 clinically normal cats over 12 hours.
(3) Under parasympathicomimetic stimulation by subcutaneous injection of Pilocarpin a high increase of amylase concentration is observed, in comparison to gustatoric stimulation where the concentration doesn't change.
(4) The Ocusert-pilocarpine devides with seven days' therapeutic duration were compared with pilocarpine eye drops for efficacy and ocular tolerance in the management of glaucoma in 16 patients.
(5) The rate of release of an aqueous solution of pilocarpine hydrochloride sequestered in hydrogel-type materials can be reduced by plasma treatment of the polymer surface.
(6) The dissociation constants of carbachol, pilocarpine, atropine and pirenzepine estimated by these procedures indicate no heterogeneity of muscarinic receptors in either tissue; thus both are probably of the M2 type.
(7) Consequently, visual disturbances occur only once a day in contrast to pilocarpine hydrochloride given 4 times a day, which induces 3 visual disturbances during the day.
(8) The adult pattern of behavioral and electroencephalographic sequelae after pilocarpine was encountered in 15-21-day-old rats.
(9) Secretin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and pilocarpine were ineffective.
(10) Using literature values for aqueous humor volumes, it was possible to calculate what fraction of a dose of pilocarpine administered to 20-day-old rabbits would result in the same ocular concentrations of drug as in 60-day-old rabbits.
(11) In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study we examined the long-term effects of pilocarpine administration on patients with definitively diagnosed Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
(12) Firstly, pilocarpin was dissolved in an aqueous medium in which the polymerization was carried out, and secondly, the polymerizing monomer was kept saturated with the drug solution under acidic conditions resulting in an incorporation into the nanoparticles in an aqueous environment.
(13) Average morning intraocular pressure (IOP) values during treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride administered 4 times daily was 20.5 mmHg.
(14) Pilocarpine caused a decrease in ciliated and an increase in PAS+, basal, and nonstaining cell numbers.
(15) On two different days, the following two histamine inhalation challenges were performed in 12 normal individuals and 13 stable asthmatics: histamine alone or pilocarpine-histamine.
(16) The present study compares the competitive effect of atropine on the actions of the full agonist carbachol, under conditions of irreversible blockade, with the competitive effect of atropine on partial agonists such as pilocarpine or heptyl trimethylammonium.
(17) Since dopamine antagonists are not cholinergics or adrenolytics, they are not supposed to produce the side effects induced by pilocarpine or timolol.
(18) Half of each eye was incubated in atropine sulfate, the other in pilocarpine hydrochloride, and both were then processed for histologic study.
(19) It also lessened the hypertonus of isolated guinea-pig trachea caused by pilocarpine.
(20) Cholinomimetics (pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, acetylcholine, acetyl-beta-methylcholine) and sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine), when injected into the hemolymph, provoked salivary fluid secretion in the female ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch.