What's the difference between alkaloid and protopine?
Alkaloid
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Alkaloidal
(n.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, alkaloid and insecticide modifications share many features but differ in how much the conducting properties of the pore are changed and whether the channel can close reversibly while the toxin remains bound.
(2) A clear structure-mutagenicity relationship was observed in a series of aporphine alkaloids (aporphine, dehydroaporphine, 7-oxoaporphine and 4,5-dioxoaporphine), and 10,11-non-substituted aporphines were suggested to exert their mutagenicity through metabolic activation of the 10,11 positions, possibly as the 10,11-epoxides.
(3) A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling.
(4) The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) senecionine was studied in vitro in incubations of rat, guinea pig, cow, horse, and sheep hepatic microsomes.
(5) They also displayed negative correlation between activities of protein-inhibitors and the total content of protein and alkaloids.
(6) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(7) The resistant strains exhibited cross resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, colchicine.
(8) In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
(9) The alkaloid tubulosine inhibits the process of peptide chain elongation by eukaryotic polysomes by specifically preventing the elongation-factor-2-dependent step of translocation.
(10) Cultured roots of Stephania cepharantha, which are rich sources of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, were fed 14C-labelled tyrosine, tyramine or dopamine.
(11) As a possible mechanism underlying the alterations of DRP, the functional consequences of atrophic changes of primary central afferent terminals are being discussed in terms of the close correlation between structure and function and the possible inferences of the electrophysiological reaction to the therapeutic application of Vinca alkaloids in the iontophoretic treatment of chronic intractable pain.
(12) The poisonous principles in tansy ragwort are pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause gradual alteration and necrosis of liver cells with replacement by fibrous tissue.
(13) In this study, the roots of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall were examined and the isolation and identification of additional indole alkaloids and some pharmacological properties of coronaridine are described.
(14) The area ratios of four alkaloids (tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) to cocaine are calculated for each sample.
(15) The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin).
(16) Effects of solution variables on the binding and self-association explain the wide variation of reported apparent binding constants for Vinca alkaloids to tubulin.
(17) The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date.
(18) Strong enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed after treatment with the active cyclophosphamide (CY) derivative Z 7557 or the plant alkaloid VP-16 at the site of sensitization.
(19) A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice.
(20) Possible mechanisms underlying these effects of insecticides on alkaloid-dependent uptake are discussed in light of a qualitative model formulated from these results and previous biochemical and electrophysiological studies.
Protopine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) In myocardial fibrillation induced by calcium chloride the contents in the rat heart of adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopa and dopamine were studied by spectrofluorimetry before and after the use of protopin.
(2) A scheme for the biosynthesis of macarpine [5a] from protopine [9] via dihydrosanguinarine [1b] is presented.
(3) Glaucium flavum Grantz, population Isfahan, contained four major alkaloids: dicentrine (0.8%), bulbocapnine (0.42%), protopine (0.35%), and salutaridine (0.2%).
(4) Apigenin and magnolol are inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis, while osthole, protopine and norathyriol are inhibitiors of phosphoinositide breakdown.
(5) Protopine also inhibited high potassium (60 mM)-induced, calcium-dependent (0.03-3 mM) contraction of rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner.
(6) Other papaveraceous alkaloids, including salutaridine, oripavine, laudanosine, isothebaine, cryptopine, alpinigenine, narceine, protopine, and gnoscopine, were also quantitated.
(7) chelidonine, protopine, berberine, coptisine, tetrahydrocoptisine, 6-methoxydihydrochelerythrine, 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine.
(8) Structures, based upon spectroscopic properties and chemical transformations, are proposed for a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid named thalrugosaminine, and a protopine alkaloid named protothalipine.
(9) It is expected that protopine can be applied for treatment of thrombosis as an antiplatelet drug.
(10) Protoberberines are most effective, followed in decreasing order by benzophenanthridines, benzylisoquinolines, aporphines, tetrahydroprotoberberines, pavines, protopines, isoquinolines, tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, morphinanes, and tetrahydroisoquinolines.
(11) Both the formation of inositol monophosphate caused by NE and the phasic contraction induced by caffeine were also not affected by protopine.
(12) The inhibitory activity of protopine on adenosine 5'-diphosphate induced platelet aggregation was increased in the presence of prostaglandin I2 or papaverine in platelets.
(13) The mode of action of protopine on rabbit platelet aggregation was investigated in the metabolic system of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in vitro experimental models.
(14) Protopine did not cause the elevation of cyclic AMP level of platelets.
(15) Protopine inhibited the releases of arachidonic acid and platelet activating factor from platelet membrane phospholipids.
(16) It is concluded that protopine relaxed the rat thoracic aorta mainly by suppressing the Ca2+ influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated calcium channels.
(17) The phosphoinositides breakdown caused by collagen and PAF was inhibited by protopine, but that by thrombin was not affected significantly.
(18) administration of these drugs, tail bleeding time of mice was prolonged markedly in a dose-dependent manner by norathyriol, protopine, osthole and magnolol, but not by apigenin.
(19) Glaucium pulchrum Stapf popllation Elika was shown to contain two major alkaloids, corydine (0.3%) and bulbocapnine (0.18%) and three minor alkaloids N-methylindcarpine (0.1%), isocorydine (0.03%) and protopine (0.01%).
(20) In rabbit platelet-rich plasma, protopine also inhibited the platelet aggregation caused by ADP, arachidonic acid, PAF and collagen.