(1) Animals with medial prefrontal cortex or parietal cortex lesions and sham-operated and non-operated controls were tested for the acquisition of an adjacent arm task that accentuated the importance of egocentric spatial localization and a cheese board task that accentuated the importance of allocentric spatial localization.
(2) This error can be explained on the one hand in terms of response dependence or egocentrism, or on the other hand as due to a lack of adequate spatial cues to allocentric position.
(3) Examples of the presence of properties of ego- and allocentric systems in SMA are given.
(4) A second group of rats was trained on a right-left discrimination (egocentric) and a place-learning task (allocentric).
(5) Both groups were impaired on a spatial landmark test which used luminous stimuli presented in the dark, in positions that varied randomly with respect to the monkey so that only allocentric cues were available.
(6) The data suggest a double dissociation of function between medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex in terms of coding of egocentric versus allocentric spatial information.
(7) Three types of neurons were identified by rotating the animals: egocentric and allocentric, and indeterminate.
(8) Of these place related neurons, 21 were also directionally selective with responses described in egocentric or allocentric coordinates or both.
(9) Thus, when an animal is not able to navigate on the basis of an extrapersonal (allocentric) system as a result of drug treatment, it will revert to an egocentric system.
(10) The results indicate that whether an impairment occurs on a task that is thought to test the perception of egocentric space may depend on whether the animal has to notice and attend to a remote cue, and that an attentional disorder may also explain impairments reported on tests of allocentric perception where the critical cue is spatially remote from the response site.
(11) This is in contrast to allocentric localization, where an organism localizes on the basis of cues external to the organism.
(12) The results suggest that these hippocampal neurons may be involved in identification of relations among various kinds of stimuli in different spatial frameworks (egocentric or allocentric) and this identification may be developed from multiple sensory modalities.
(13) The high doses of both CGP compounds as well as dizocilpine produced impairments in the acquisition of an egocentric orientation task and an allocentric reversal task indicated by an increased number of arm entries and re-entries.
(14) The results of this study support the hypothesis that PC plays an important role in the processing of information about space that is allocentric or external to the body.
(15) Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for this goal-invariance property: either (i) the goal is reconstructed and memorized in the stable frame of reference linked to the environment ("allocentric, coordinates") or (ii) the goal is selected and memorized in the sensors-related maps ("egocentric coordinates") and is continuously updated by efferent copies of the motor commands.
(16) Eighty male rats receiving either a unilateral or bilateral lesion of AGm or PPC were examined on an egocentric (adjacent arm) or an allocentric (cheeseboard) maze task.
(17) To test this prediction, two groups of rats were trained on two different egocentric memory tasks and two different allocentric memory tasks.
(18) The results show close relations between the coding of environmental space cues in egocentric and allocentric coordinates, and place related activity in the primate hippocampus.
(19) In contrast, bilateral PPC operates demonstrated a severe deficit in allocentric processing.
(20) Animals were successively trained on navigation in the Morris water maze (allocentric) and delayed spatial alternation in a water T-maze (egocentric).
Altruistic
Definition:
(a.) Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to egoistic or selfish.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cadavers have a multitude of possible uses--from the harvesting of organs, to medical education, to automotive safety testing--and yet their actual utilization arouses profound aversion no matter how altruistic and beneficial the motivation.
(2) In a Facebook post , the songwriter and activist claims that Swift has merely chosen sides in the battle between Google and Spotify, saying that the singer was trying to “sell this corporate power play to us as some sort of altruistic gesture in solidarity with struggling music makers”.
(3) Ten of the 16 primary 16PF scores were significantly different and generally described an altruistic but assertive and venturesome propensity to manage others.
(4) Whereas some studies have shown that negative mood leads to increases in altruistic action, others have shown the reverse.
(5) A two-locus genetic model is studied in which one locus controls the tendency of individuals to act altruistically toward siblings and the other locus controls the mating habits of females.
(6) As the way to achievement, it comes into a conflict with the fear of failure, with the co-operation advantages and with the altruistic human drives.
(7) It is shown that W. D. Hamilton's condition of increases in inclusive fitness due to altruistic interactions among kin expresses the structural instability of populations against the evolution of altruistic behavior.
(8) A simple model shows that this can lead to the selection of "altruistic" traits that favor the fitness of the group over that of the individual.
(9) "It's what you do when you have money in the bank and now there is no money in the bank, that kind of pan-tolerance will contract, because it's too altruistic for hard times."
(10) Consequences include overwhelming demand for mammography; problems with optimum response by radiology; limited availability of the examination, especially to the socioeconomically disadvantaged; self-referral for mammography by unqualified physicians for less than altruistic reasons; and unrealistic expectations of mammography by women, physicians, and lawyers.
(11) In Experiment II, the combined effect of a pair of observed materials (positive or negative altruistic content) was examined.
(12) "Of the altruistic instincts, veneration is not the most developed at the present day; but I hold strongly with the statement that it is a sign of a dry age when the great men of the past are held in light esteem".
(13) Of course the motivation for visualising your energy use doesn't have to be for altruistic environmental reasons.
(14) While mental toughness, and high self-esteem and confidence may seem like a good thing, they also can have an insidious flip-side – namely, narcissistic as opposed to more altruistic, empathy driven motives that better serve the masses.
(15) What was perceived as altruistic "adoption" by the penguins was actually closer to "kidnapping", it transpired.
(16) Traditionally, Hindu religion has given sanction to certain altruistic suicides.
(17) Remember you're human after all While much of the above are technical solutions to prevent you being hacked and scammed, hacking done well is really the skill of tricking human beings, not computers, by preying on their gullibility, taking advantage of our trust, greed or altruistic impulses.
(18) Instead, the observed pattern was what would be expected if empathy evokes altruistic motivation to reduce the victim's need.
(19) Yet this restriction obviously limits the availability of already scarce donor organs, and curtails the opportunities for altruistic action on the part of those who, in any given case, are not genetically related to the recipient.
(20) It has its roots in conflicts of interest between human beings, and in their conflicting urges to behave either selfishly or altruistically.