What's the difference between alloxan and alloxantin?
Alloxan
Definition:
(n.) An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol.
Example Sentences:
(1) These and other results suggest that the experimental agents do not provide protection against alloxan inhibition by preventing the entry of alloxan into the intracellular space of the islet.
(2) From the present results it is concluded that secretion of extrapancreatic glucagon increased in response to arginine infusion in the diabetic state, both alloxan diabetic dogs and one-week post-pancreatectomized dogs.
(3) Exposure to alloxan completely abolished insulin response to 20 mM arginine, 1.6 mM glucose, and 11.1 mM glucose.
(4) The enhancement of long-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in the perfused rat liver, whether induced acutely by treatment of fed animals with anti-insulin serum or glucagon, or over the longer term by starvation or the induction of alloxan diabetes, was found to ba accompanied by a proportional elevation in the tissue carnitine content.
(5) However, after the single injection of streptozotocin and alloxan, islet cell tumors developed in 42 and 11% of surviving rats, respectively.
(6) The islets, 3 000 to 5 000, were transplanted to alloxan diabetic recipients, in a territory, preferentially with portal-hepatic drainage (mesentery and spleen).
(7) The phenomenon is suggested to be brought about by a modulator substance circulating in the blood of alloxan diabetic and glucocorticoid-treated rats.
(8) When estron was administered to castrated rats with alloxan diabetes the mass of the uterus and the vagina and the height of the uterine endometrium, and of the epithelial layer of the vagina increased to the same degree as in rats with the intact pancreas; reactivity of diabetic rats to estrogen approached the sensitivity of animals with normal pancreatic functions.
(9) Volume densities of islet B cells (= volume density of islet cells immunostained for insulin per islet volume density) decreased and pyknotic nuclei appeared in the islets during the initial 48 hr after alloxan treatment.
(10) The results of this study suggest that the cat is resistant to the diabetogenic effect of alloxan, but is susceptible to its toxic side effects.
(11) Glutamine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities of brain and liver homogenates of rats suffering from alloxan diabetes were determined in the soluble fraction (fraction 1) and in that obtained after treatment with 0.2 percent deoxycholate (fraction 2).
(12) Properties of insulin receptors were studied in rat fatty tissue and in plasmatic membranes of liver cells under conditions of alloxan diabetes (within 3 days) and in fasting (within 2 days) as well as under conditions of simultaneous effect of these factors.
(13) Alloxan diabetes and injections of hydrocortisone into intact animals for 5-7 days resulted in a sharp decrease of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in rat epididymal adipose tissue.
(14) Conversely, in STZ-diabetic rats the stimulatory effect of alloxan was reduced to 22% of that elicited in nondiabetic rats.
(15) Oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides by alloxan is not mediated by glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase and may occur largely nonenzymatically.
(16) Sorbitol metabolism of the endothelial cells of the aorta has been studied in normal and alloxan diabetic rats by the aid of a new time- and gradient governed elution method.
(17) A histochemical evaluation of the activity of chosen oxido-reductive enzymes of the cardiac muscle connected with the citric acid cycle, glycolysis and pentose shunt in the early experimental alloxan diabetes period in white rats has been carried out.
(18) Experimental diabetes, whether induced by alloxan or streptozotocin, decreased the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into neutral lipids and phospholipids of both the surfactant fraction and the residual fraction of the lung by 60-80%.
(19) Insulin (and glucose) appeared to be specific in correcting the metabolic abnormalities found in the brains of animals with alloxan-induced diabetes.
(20) In the alloxan-diabetic animals no myocardial oedema developed and therefore no further increase of the originally elevated left ventricular diastolic stiffness could be observed.
Alloxantin
Definition:
(n.) A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very dilute nitric acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The partition coefficients and half-lives of the alloxan reduction products, alloxantin and dialuric acid, were very similar to those of the parent compound; N-methylalloxan and N,N'-dimethylalloxan were less hydrophilic but more unstable.
(2) Hill activity induced by alloxan is characterized by non-stoichiometric oxygen evolution and cyclic electron flow due to autoxidation of dialuric acid and alloxantin, the reduction products of alloxan.