(v. t.) To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify.
(v. t.) To agitate; to affect mentally.
(v. t.) To geld.
(v. i.) To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure.
Example Sentences:
(1) Herpesviruses such as EBV, HSV, and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) have a marked tropism for cells of the immune system and therefore infection by these viruses may result in alterations of immune functions, leading at times to a state of immunosuppression.
(2) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(3) The various evocational changes appear to form sets of interconnected systems and this complex network seems to embody some plasticity since it has been possible to suppress experimentally some of the most universal evocational events or alter their temporal order without impairing evocation itself.
(4) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
(5) Morphological alterations in the lungs of pheasants after prolonged high-dosage administration of bleomycin sulfate were studied by light and electron microscopy.
(6) Incubation with IFN alpha or IFN gamma for 24 h resulted in only modest cytokinetic alterations, and they did not modify the effects of FUra.
(7) We report a series of experiments designed to determine if agents and conditions that have been reported to alter sodium reabsorption, Na-K-ATPase activity or cellular structure in the rat distal nephron might also regulate the density or affinity of binding of 3H-metolazone to the putative thiazide receptor in the distal nephron.
(8) In dorsoventral (DV) reversed wings at both shoulder or flank level, the motor axons do not alter their course as they enter the graft.
(9) Neither spermidine nor spermine (0.5 mM) significantly altered [Ca2+]i.
(10) In addition to the changes associated with blood group A, we also found a decrease in sugar content, alterations in other antigens, and changes in the levels of several glycosyltransferases in cancerous tissues.
(11) When the concentration of thrombin or fibrinogen was altered systematically, mu T and mup were found to mirror each other except when the fibrinogen concentration was increased at low thrombin concentrations.
(12) Arteries treated with atrial natriuretic peptide showed no alterations in relaxation or cGMP content after incubation with pertussis toxin.
(13) These results could be explained by altered tissue blood flow and a decreased metabolic capacity of the liver in obese subjects.
(14) The sequential histopathologic alterations in femorotibial joints of partial meniscectomized male and female guinea pigs were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery.
(15) However, survival was closely related to the severity of the illness at the time of randomization and was not altered by shunting.
(16) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(17) Since the advance and return of sperm inside the tubes could facilitate the interaction of sperm with secretions participating in its maturation, the persistent infertility after vasectomy could be related to the contractile alteration that follows the excessive tubal distention.
(18) Sixteen patients (27%) manifested anomalies of the urinary tract: 12 had markedly altered kidneys, 8 of which were unilateral and ipsilateral to the diaphragmatic defect.
(19) Corticosterone (4 x 10(-5) M) did not alter the stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow at 1-30 Hz.
(20) The results show that the presence of histones does not alter the bimodal DNA binding process.
Spay
Definition:
(v. t.) To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch; to castrate (a female animal).
(v. t.) The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.
Example Sentences:
(1) The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37), has been studied in the vaginal epithelium, vaginal stroma, endometrium, and whole uterus of spayed mice treated with oestradiol-17 beta, and in the vaginal epithelium and uterus of spayed mice.
(2) Sequential P treatment reduced the degree of nuclear staining in the oviduct and endometrium below that found in spayed animals; however, such treatment only lowered the amount of cytosolic, not nuclear, ER significantly below spayed levels in those same tissues.
(3) Therefore, the effect of E on GH in spayed monkeys cannot be accounted for by a direct action on somatotrophs.
(4) Its concentration was maximal at proestrus and after administering 2-20 microgram of estradiol to spayed rats.
(5) The mean age of dogs with urinary bladder neoplasia was 9.5 years; 6 were males, 13 were females, and 2 were spayed females.
(6) Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus canis were the most frequently isolated bacteria in specimens collected from the vagina (in the area of the urethral orifice) of 20 normal intact bitches and 20 spayed bitches.
(7) However, when calculated on the basis of the DNA content of the myometrium, which was 8 times higher in the spayed than in the pregnant animals, the specific activities were lower in the tissue from spayed animals.
(8) Scedosporium inflatum Malloch et Salkin was found to cause osteomyelitis in a 6-year-old spayed female beagle.
(9) Mating during a period of 40 min at the beginning of hormonally induced estrus in spayed female rats resulted in a rapid decrease in receptivity as measured hourly by the lordosis response.
(10) Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 9-year-old spayed dog that had a series of epileptic convulsions a day before death.
(11) Spayed animals were given progesterone for 4 days and then an injection of BCG serum or vaccine in 1 uterine horn.
(12) If the spayed beagle dam can be considered a model in which one may equivalate bone changes occurring in the ovarian hormone-deficient human female, we reach the following conclusions: The presence or absence of quasi-physiological levels of single ovarian hormones do affect the status of trabecular bone.
(13) Resorptive and formative characteristics on the periosteal and corticoendosteal bone envelopes were assessed on the ribs of intact, spayed and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-supplemented Beagle dams.
(14) A 5-y-old spayed female Corgi dog was dipped with a d-limonene-based compound for flea infestation.
(15) A correspondence between the appearance of vaginal smears and the layers of the epithelium from which the cells had desquamated was established in untreated rats during the estrous cycle, in control ovariectomized rats and in spayed rats injected with either estrogen or progesterone.
(16) Thirteen adult cycling female cynomolgus monkeys were ovariectomized and treated for 28 days with 1) an empty Silastic capsule (Spay), 2) a 2-cm E-filled capsule (E), or 3) a 2-cm E-filled capsule for 14 days plus a 6-cm P-filled capsule implanted for an additional 14 days (E + P).
(17) A 6-year-old, obese, spayed female Doberman pinscher dog was presented for clinical examination with a 1-day history of repeated seizures and a long-term history of periodic bouts of ataxia, circling, and head tilt.
(18) Treatment of carcinomas in spayed (hormone-independent), nonspayed (hormone-dependent) rats, and of tumors which were refractory to treatment with estradiol dipropionate caused regression of the tumors.
(19) The report cites the results of three experiments designed to determine the effect of estrogen treatment on spayed and entire ewes.
(20) When small amounts of this compound were applied to the vulvas of anestrous or spayed females, males placed with these females became sexually aroused and attempted to mount them.