(n.) A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.
(v. t.) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although alum adsorbed allergen could induce IgE synthesis in mice primed with liposome entrapped allergen the increase in serum specific IgE levels was lower than the animals primed and challenged with alum adsorbed allergen.
(2) Effective adjuvanticity as measured by the titre of the anti-peptide or anti-protein response in mice varied in the order: Algammulin, Montanide ISA 50 greater than or equal to Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA 708, 721, 70 much greater than alum, Squalene Arlacel greater than SAF-1.
(3) IgE levels in nude mice were estimated by the one-step single radial radiodiffusion method antisera prepared by immunization of guinea pigs with an IgE-rich fraction obtained from sera of normal mice infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and immunized with DNP-ovalbumin in alum gel.
(4) Over 90% of the anti-OVA antibodies were of the IgGl isotype with both adjuvants; OVA in alum induced slightly more IgGl anti-OVA antibodies than cFA.
(5) Sections are brought to water, stained in Delafield's alum hematoxylin for 10 minutes, washed in tap water for 10 minutes, counterstained in 1% Procion brillant orange M-GS for 15 minutes and washed in distilled water for 10 minutes.
(6) The antibody responses of animals immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA), diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) and aluminium hydroxide (alum) were compared with the response to antigen administered in the absence of adjuvants.
(7) Wash thoroughly in water and place in 4% iron alum solution for two hours.
(8) The stability of ragweed extracts as measured by Antigen E content is markedly enhanced with little loss after 15 month storage at 4 degrees C, when the extract is prepared as an alum precipitated suspension.
(9) The choice of the carrier seemed to play an important role for both the level and maintenance of the secondary IgG response, attained as a consequence of a booster immunization with TT-alum.
(10) Six commercially available clostridial vaccines comprising one oil-emulsion, two alum-precipitated and three aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted preparations, each containing between two and seven antigenic components, were administered to groups of 10 rabbits and eight sheep in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations.
(11) So those undesirable gastric mucosa side effects that can be observed or presumed by the intake of NaF and CaF2 + alum are presumably neglibile.
(12) We reported previously that CBA mice pretreated with dinitrophenyl-Bordetella pertussis (DNP-BP) conjugates exhibited sharply decreased anti-DNP IgE, and increased IgG2a antibodies following immunization with DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OA) in alum.
(13) An experimental review of the Feulgen and gallocyanine-chrome-alum stains for quantitative cytophotometry of DNA in tissue sections yielded information on the preparation and staining of tissue for quantitative absorbance microspectrophotometry.
(14) Alum, due to its safety and efficacy remains the drug of first choice for persistent vesical hematuria.
(15) Antibodies to the preparation were induced in rabbits by using alum as an adjuvant.
(16) Prior inoculation of mice with alum-adsorbed anti-idiotype potentiated the immune response to a subsequent inoculation with either native HBsAg particles or with a synthetic HBsAg peptide.
(17) Genetically modified M (pre-S2+S; P31) protein (M-P31c) particles were formulated into a vaccine (TGP-943) through adsorption on to an alum adjuvant.
(18) Sequential treatment with 5 X Denhardt's solution followed by gelatin-chrome alum resulted in enhanced specificity of labelling and excellent chromosome morphology, as well as reduced levels of background.
(19) Despite positive staining reactions with the presumptive neurosecretory stains, paraldehyde-fuchsin and chrome-alum-hematoxylin, ultrastructurally these glands exhibit many non-neural characteristics.
(20) Primary immunization with alum prepared using AlK(SO4)2 and adjuvant enhanced IgE production in the guinea pig.
Glum
Definition:
(n.) Sullenness.
(a.) Moody; silent; sullen.
(v. i.) To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.
Example Sentences:
(1) "We don't have any reason to, to be honest," he says, with a touch of glumness.
(2) The old, optimistic growth forecasts were torn up, replaced by the glum admission that this year the economy will have shrunk by 0.1%.
(3) But it feels like a painful loss to a small community that once looked to Labour as its natural home – and which is fast reaching the glum conclusion that Labour has become a cold house for Jews.
(4) The AU delegation - made up of South Africa , Uganda, Mauritania, Congo-Brazzaville and Mali - left the talks looking glum, without making a public comment and to the derisive shouts of the protesters outside the hotel.
(5) We can see why they’re glum, but it’s not going to be a challenge for Private Eye to get a cover page joke out of it.
(6) They have glumly predicted precisely that outcome for some time.
(7) Sandwiched on a panel between the mayors of Los Angeles, Copenhagen, New York, and Johannesburg, the most rapidly converted man in the city struck out at the glums.
(8) (As glum centrists often observe: “He beat us twice.”) The Labour leader might not have taken his party to victory, but he has earned the right to fight again.
(9) Addressing a glum group of SPD supporters in Berlin, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the outgoing foreign minister and SPD candidate for chancellor, said it was a "bitter day for German social democracy".
(10) At times, Sarkozy had seemed tired and glum on the campaign trail.
(11) The mood in No 10 grew extremely glum as a steady drip of areas were declaring two points below their own predictions.
(12) I had expected the American guests to be in a state of hysteria, but apart from a few glumly watching CNN in the bar, hotel life went on as usual.
(13) Conventional understanding of politics assumes that that kind of rational argument is devastating: if you amass the historical data and the foreign examples, point to defeat after defeat for Corbynist programmes or Sanders-like candidates, surely their supporters will glumly lower their placards and come to their senses.
(14) I felt the same way I would if I went to a play and sat through an hour of about 50 actors filing onto the stage one by one and staring at me glumly in turn before any actual business resulted.
(15) He used to mock me for it, and see it as part of my characteristic glumness, which was such a contrast to his relentless enthusiasm.
(16) I can’t make decisions for myself”, she declares glumly.
(17) Prisoners' breath catches in clouds while they glumly circuit the courtyard.
(18) It’s melancholy because it rests on the glum admission that these two peoples, both asserting their right to self-determination, are unable to determine their own futures.
(19) Some contrasted his eloquence with Zuma, who looked glum each time his face was shown and roundly booed.
(20) The study's findings may be skewed by Dutch psychologists spending summers doing glum research rather than catching rays.