What's the difference between aluminium and sapphire?
Aluminium
Definition:
(n.) The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and for its lightness, having a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.
Example Sentences:
(1) Examination on day 9 and 15 the magaldrate group showed significantly (p less than 0.05) lower aluminium levels than the aluminium hydroxide group.
(2) Al added as AlCl3 or aluminium citrate had no effect, and there was no significant difference in the response of cells from renal failure patients with or without high serum Al levels or controls.
(3) These experimental results demonstrate that aluminium interferes with iron absorption and iron transfer, and suggest that these mechanisms may be responsible for maintaining and even increasing the anaemia observed in aluminium overload.
(4) The latter compounds were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to the respective amines (II a-c) and then N-alkylated by reaction with 2-propynyl-, 2-butynyl- or 2,3-butadienyl bromides to the corresponding amines (III a-j).
(5) 47 children were immunized in 1968 and 1969 during the first year of life with 3 injections of aluminium free triple vaccine given with an interval of 4--6 weeks.
(6) Rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet developed atherosclerosis after 3 months and these rabbits possessed high concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and aluminium in the central nervous system, determined by neutron activation analysis.
(7) These findings suggest that although in rats with normal renal function aluminium absorption appears to be partly vitamin D dependent, 1,25(OH)2D3 does not further augment the enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of aluminium in uraemia.
(8) The entrance window is 12 microns Melinex foil with a thin aluminium surface.
(9) For inactivation of rad54-3 mutant cells, the r.b.e.-values relative to 60Co gamma-rays were 2.6 and 2.4 for carbon K and aluminium K X-rays, respectively.
(10) The absorption of factor VIII from gel filtration fractions, concentrates and plasma by aluminium hydroxide has been studied.
(11) Lymphocytes cultured in the presence of Al-Tf showed a dose-dependent uptake of Al, whereas uptake from aluminium citrate was low and not dose-dependent.
(12) Very small PVC particles, polymerized by the emulsion process, were mounted on an aluminium adhesive tape and pressed with a similar tape.
(13) The antibody responses of animals immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA), diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) and aluminium hydroxide (alum) were compared with the response to antigen administered in the absence of adjuvants.
(14) to aluminium chronic poisonning; the source of the aluminium intoxication is not aluminium containing phosphate-binding gels but intravenously administreted tape-water.
(15) Bile acids were extracted from serum samples by chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 and, after alkaline or enzymic hydrolysis, purified by chromatography on aluminium oxide.
(16) As new aluminium equals energy use and environmental destruction, this raises the question: why can't computers be made from recycled aluminium, given that this uses 95% less energy?
(17) In a multicentre study, 146 peptic ulcer patients who had recently healed with H2 antagonists (38 gastric, 108 duodenal ulcers) received randomly for a year one of the following mucosal protecting antiulcer drugs: aceglutamide aluminium salt (AAL), zinc acexamate (ZAC) and magaldrate (MAG).
(18) It permits the absorption of aluminium in amounts similar to aluminium-containing antacids, and toxicity has been demonstrated in the presence of renal insufficiency.
(19) The method consisted first in preconcentrating the samples collected on immersed gauze pads, secondly in the concentration of the virus samples by the following methods-used either separately or in parallel: the Amberlite method, the yeast cell and the aluminium bydroxide concentration method.
(20) The concentrations of 17 trace elements (e.g., copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, silicon and magnesium) were determined in whole blood samples of 81 persons working with different welding methods on stainless steel or aluminium and 68 nonwelders.
Sapphire
Definition:
(n.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
(n.) The color of the gem; bright blue.
(n.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.
(a.) Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue.
Example Sentences:
(1) CW Nd:YAG light transmitted by fiber optic cable and sapphire crystal was applied transsclerally to the ciliary body of pigmented and albino rabbits.
(2) Diana of the sapphire eyes was rated more perfect than Botticelli's Venus and attracted Bryan Guinness, heir to the brewing fortune, as soon as she was out in society.
(3) However, the forward transmission of Nd-YAG energy through the sapphires varied (SMTR, 85%; MTR, 83%; MTRL, 75%; OS, 54%; LT, 69%).
(4) In order to avoid the drawbacks of the cutting end of the bare optic fibers, it may be covered with sapphire optics which conducts well laser energy.
(5) A contact artificial sapphire, developed for use with the Nd:YAG laser, allows the performance of open surgery (laser probe) and has endoscopic applications for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding (micro laser tip) and tumors (micro laser rod).
(6) A spokesman for the Metropolitan Police had said: "Officers from Sapphire are investigating an allegation of rape which happened on 6 May in the west London area.
(7) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(8) We report our first 20 cases of peripheral laser angioplasty using an optic fibre with contact sapphire tip.
(9) Contact probes made from synthetic sapphire crystal, designed for general laser surgery, are currently being evaluated for use in laser angioplasty.
(10) Apple has entered into a joint venture in the US with GT Advanced to build plants and furnaces able to produce sapphire in industrial quantities for a “critical component” that it said in trade documents would be shipped abroad for assembly.
(11) However, variation in the thermal and optical properties of sapphires from different sources has been demonstrated.
(12) The old warehouses that edge the small pebble beach and sapphire-blue water are still owned by the same families, but they have now been converted into a rather special hotel.
(13) The authors undertook an investigation to evaluate the efficacy and complications of performing internal sclerostomy with the synthetic sapphire contact neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser compared with standard external thermal sclerostomy.
(14) From a sapphire and diamond brooch to a humble bag of salt, the Queen picked up an eclectic haul of official gifts during the year she became Britain’s longest-reigning monarch.
(15) The sapphire home button of the iPhone 5S resisted all scratches from both sandpapers.
(16) Complicated hemangiomas of the hand or upper extremity have been resected in eight patients with use of the YAG laser with sapphire scalpels.
(17) An Nd-YAG laser and an optical fiber delivery system with a sapphire tip serving as a contact probe were used for PTLA.
(18) In conclusion, our results show that CO2 perfusion facilitates more effective laser ablation of atheromatous plaque than saline perfusion by the sapphire probe with the continuous wave Nd-YAG laser.
(19) Transvitreal pars plana sclerotomy using the contact Nd:YAG laser with a sapphire probe was performed on a group of rabbit eyes and compared with a similar procedure performed with a Ziegler knife.
(20) Results revealed that the adherence to target tissue and tissue damage were more apparent with metal caps than those with sapphire tips.