(1) Ninety-five patients (88.8%) had the amblyopia syndrome mainly; twelve patients (11.2%) had amblyopia and other manifestations of the tropical ataxic neuropathy.
(2) We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with Adie's syndrome in which latent hypermetropia was made manifest by accommodative paresis and resulted in reversible amblyopia.
(3) It was classified according to the age of the children, the visual acuity, the fixation and the treatment of the amblyopia.
(4) After the test explanation, we present the results obtained in a case-report numbering 405 patients: 165 normal, 94 microtropias, 67 esotropias (ET), 50 anisometropic amblyopias, 29 es-anisometropic amblyopias.
(5) The following three measurements were made on a group of 20 pediatric and 5 adult patients with unilateral amblyopia: (1) speed threshold for recognizing motion-defined dotted letters; (2) recognition acuity for isolated solid letters of 4% contrast; and (3) Snellen line acuity for high-contrast letters.
(6) Uncorrected refractive error (particularly anisometropia), strabismus, ptosis, and corneal exposure problems are an invitation to the development of amblyopia.
(7) Forty cases of clear corneal grafts in 2 groups of patients who developed corneal opacities either before or after 5 years of age were investigated for the pattern of amblyopia and fixation.
(8) Amblyopia was due to anisometropia in 24 cases (50%), strabismus in 9 cases (18.7%), high astigmatism (meridional) in 7 cases (14.5%) and other causes or a combination of factors in 8 cases (16.7%).
(9) Epikeratophakia did not facilitate occlusion therapy for amblyopia.
(10) Increased saccadic latencies were observed in the amblyopic eyes of 6 of 11 subjects, with or without strabismus; saccadic latencies were similar in each eye of 2 subjects having intermittent strabismus without amblyopia.
(11) The presence of +2.00 or more D of spherical hypermetropia in both eyes, or +1.00 or more D sphere or cylinder of anisometropia was significantly associated (P=0.0779%) with that child being identified 2+ years later as having either squint or amblyopia or both.
(12) The keratoplasty was taken from the patient's left eye with amblyopia.
(13) The variety of experimental manipulations shown to induce amblyopia in young cats and monkeys is described.
(14) 270 children of the "Blindeninstituts-stiftung Würzburg" were followed up between 1960 and 1987. ad 1) Optic atrophy was the leading cause of visual impairment (24%) followed by cataract and retinopathy of prematurity (both found in 17%), malformations of the anterior segment (12%), cortical amblyopia (8%) and refractive error (6%).
(15) All the cases of squint and amblyopia referred to both hospital and school clinics in one district during one calendar year have been reviewed in order to clarify when, where, and how these cases first present to the ophthalmologist.
(16) The most important squints to diagnose are the concomitant squints of childhood as they can lead to amblyopia, which is irreversible after the age of ten years.
(17) Twenty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and four children without amblyopia participated.
(18) Furthermore, the vision of the other eye is often reduced as well, with the result that the eventual outcome is a condition of bilateral amblyopia.
(19) The reduced visual acuities in one case appeared to be caused at least partly by astigmatism and the associated astigmatic amblyopia.
(20) The Titmus stereotest was found to be an effective means of screening for amblyopia.
Strabismus
Definition:
(n.) An affection of one or both eyes, in which the optic axes can not be directed to the same object, -- a defect due either to undue contraction or to undue relaxation of one or more of the muscles which move the eyeball; squinting; cross-eye.
Example Sentences:
(1) This technique did not limit the success of the strabismus surgery.
(2) In 4 patients strabismus surgery alone restored binocular single vision.
(3) We examined 333 patients between the ages of 11 and 70 years who underwent strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures over a ten-year period.
(4) We investigated this hypothesis from a developmental perspective by studying the development of these two kinds of visual performance in two groups of infant macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina), one normal and one given an experimental strabismus.
(5) We give a general view of the extreme variety of clinical forms of strabismus and their causes and then give diagnoses and outlines for therapy based on four different type-cases.
(6) Twenty two strabismus and 106 straight eyed patients with anatomically normal eyes were first photographed with a conventional camera equipped with a weak 100 mm teleobjective and coaxial flashlight and then examined clinically.
(7) The refractive changes in 84 children (155 eyes) following horizontal strabismus surgery and in 97 children (181 eyes) without surgical intervention were studied.
(8) Apert-Crouzon syndrome (formerly ACS type 2; 10130) is now considered a subset of autosomal dominant Apert acrocephalosyndactyly type 1 (10120), with features of craniosynostoisis, syndactyly of all extremities, maxillary hypoplasia, "parrot-beaked" nose, hypertelorism, exophthalmos, external strabismus, and short upper lip.
(9) It may be argued that vergence movements are induced by disparity and represent the motor fusion component left over in strabismus.
(10) One hundred ten pediatric patients, ages 8 months to 14 yr, admitted for outpatient strabismus surgery were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded study to compare droperidol and metoclopramide to placebo for the prevention of postoperative emesis.
(11) In 58 children below the age of 12 with strabismus operations were performed under anesthesia with Ketamine.
(12) Three hundred of the 1785 children with strabismus in out patient care during the latter five years were preterm babies, showing that prematurity intervenes in 16.7% of cases in the onset of strabismus.
(13) Binocular single vision was restored after buckle removal and strabismus surgery in three further patients (20%), one requiring a prism in addition.
(14) Uncorrected refractive error (particularly anisometropia), strabismus, ptosis, and corneal exposure problems are an invitation to the development of amblyopia.
(15) Ocular alignment is usually more divergent in strabismus patients under general anesthesia than in the awake state.
(16) The indications for surgery were: dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, fourth nerve palsy, monocular aphakia with strabismus and miscellaneous conditions.
(17) Botulinum injection of eye muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery can be performed in young children with low dose ketamine sedation, or reassurance without sedation for older children.
(18) In esotropia, the most frequent type of strabismus, the authors consider as most suitable the technique of weakening of the inner rectus muscles by a dosed elongation according to Gonin-Hollwich, as compared with the classical retroposition of this muscle.
(19) Amblyopia was due to anisometropia in 24 cases (50%), strabismus in 9 cases (18.7%), high astigmatism (meridional) in 7 cases (14.5%) and other causes or a combination of factors in 8 cases (16.7%).
(20) In incomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the inferior rectus and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected muscles.