What's the difference between ammonium and struvite?
Ammonium
Definition:
(n.) A compound radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a strongly basic element like the alkali metals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
(2) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(3) Substrate availability or accumulations of lactate and ammonium could have significant roles.
(4) The first step is the preparation of a globulin-enriched fraction by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation, or of an immune-complex-enriched fraction by precipitation with 5% polyethylene glycol 6000.
(5) The enzyme extracted from strains containing the recombinant plasmid was identical to N. crassa catabolic dehydroquinase by the criteria of heat stability, ammonium sulfate fractionation, immunological crossreactivity, molecular weight, and purification characteristics.
(6) Hydropathic analysis of the inferred amino acid sequence of the gene product predicts that amtA encodes a cytoplasmic component of the ammonium transport system.
(7) Ratfish serum proteins have been fractionated by ammonium sulfate, followed by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B.
(8) The relationship between urine pH, modified by the oral administration of either ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate, and the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) was studied in healthy female subjects.
(9) These results suggest that ammonium ions influence the appetite through their effect on prepyriform cortical areas.
(10) Murine liver extract (LEx) purified by ammonium sulfate (45-70% saturation) possesses a strong inhibitory effect on human lymphocyte proliferation.
(11) The method was based on a pre-column reaction; a fluorescent substance was formed by a coupling reaction between 2 mol of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 1 mol of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate.
(12) The purification involved the following steps: (a) ammonium sulfate fractionation; (b) Sephadex G-100 chromatography; (c) DEAE-cellulose chromatography; and (d) hydroxylapatite chromatography.
(13) Two additional quaternary ammonium compounds, tetraethylammonium and N1-methylnicotinamide, were not significantly bound to either tissue.
(14) These effects are due to residual silanols on the surface of the column material and may be remedied by adding suitable amines or quaternary ammonium ions to the eluent as anti-tailing agents.
(15) The crystals grow from solutions of ammonium sulfate during growth periods from several months to a year.
(16) A quantitative thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for determination of the antiarrhythmic quaternary ammonium compound N,N-bis (phenylcarbamoyl methyl) dimethylammonium chloride (QX-572) in biological materials.
(17) While currently available antiarrhythmic agents fail to achieve the desired effect, the recent evidence dealing with the quaternary ammonium derivatives of propranolol, lidocaine, and bretylium provides some hope for the future development of drugs with antiarrhythmic as well as antifibrillatory properties which may provide a therapeutic approach to the prevention of SCD.
(18) Ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by immunoaffinity chromatography on a three column system using Protein A-Sepharose coupled D5, produced purified p29.
(19) (a) Ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B.
(20) Separation of bound and free lactoferrin was accomplished by either of two procedures, a double-antibody technique or precipitation in the presence of 50% saturated ammonium sulfate.
Struvite
Definition:
(n.) A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystals showed a diffraction pattern characteristic of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate).
(2) This experimental study has shown that hydroxyurea may be useful in the management of struvite stones and deserves further study.
(3) A case of aggressive struvite stone production caused by Corynebacterium group F1 is reported that responded to the appropriate antibiotic treatment.
(4) A large number of trace elements has been found in calcium stones (whewellite, weddellite, and apatite) and in struvite.
(5) It is therefore likely that the inhibitory activity displayed by sodium citrate might be related to its ability to complex magnesium or to interfere with the crystal structure during struvite formation.
(6) Nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin also slowed the formation of struvite calculi in infected rats and together with benurestat a potentiation of the inhibition of calculi formation was secured.
(7) Previous to this report D2 organisms have been associated only with alkaline-encrusted cystitis and struvite stones in urology.
(8) We report on a patient operated upon 8 times for recurrent bilateral struvite stones.
(9) Salicyl and gentiso derivatives favour the formation of brushite together with struvite and apatite.
(10) Biochemical stone analyses showed struvite in 9 of the treated stones, and urine cultures verified the presence of urease-producing bacteria in 10 patients.
(11) While most of this inhibition by AHA was due to lowered urease activity, some crystal growth inhibition occurred in struvite produced in the absence of urease activity through NH4OH titration of artificial urine.
(12) Addition of only 0.5 per cent human urine gave a reproducible decrease and when 10 per cent human urine was added to the synthetic urine the precipitation of calcium phosphate was reduced by 50 per cent and that of struvite by 75 per cent.
(13) Under the polarizing microscope the dissolving effect of 5 per cent tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution on struvite after 30 minutes of incubation was equivalent to the use of saline for 24 hours.
(14) Urine samples were taken at random and the pH and the presence of struvite crystals in their sediment estimated.
(15) Because CGD2 infection of the urinary tract may require specific antimicrobial treatment and because CGD2 is a fastidious microorganism, we recommend prolonged incubation of urine cultures (up to 48-72 hours), especially if the routine culture is negative, when patients are symptomatic, have alkaline urine, or have struvite crystals in the urine sediment.
(16) The main components were ammonium dihydrogen-urate (70%), carbonate apatite and struvite.
(17) Infrared spectroscopic analysis of 741 canine urinary calculi revealed that struvite stones, 58% of the total, were the ones most commonly to be found.
(18) Men and women with mixed struvite, calcium oxalate stones were hypercalciuric, but women with struvite stones were not.
(19) Urine alkalinization favours the formation of calcium phosphate (CaP) and struvite stones.
(20) Different irrigating solutions are used clinically to dissolve uric acid, cystine and struvite stones.