(a.) Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; as, amphibian reptiles.
(n.) One of the Amphibia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Measurements of acetylcholine-induced single-channel conductance and null potentials at the amphibian motor end-plate in solutions containing Na, K, Li and Cs ions (Gage & Van Helden, 1979; J. Physiol.
(2) Representative specimens from two classes of Vertebrata Sub-Phyllum, Bufo paracnemis (amphibian) and Gallus domesticus (avian) were made anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment.
(3) The auditory function of the sacculus in amphibians is confirmed and special attention is paid to functional heterogeneity of the receptor epithelium in the saccular maculae.
(4) Both tympanic and nontympanic pathways of sound reception are utilized by anuran amphibians.
(5) Recent interest has focused on endogenous cardiac glycosides, some progesterone derivatives (pregnanes) and the amphibian bufodienolides.
(6) The neotenic urodelan amphibian species model represents actually the only model in which the coexistence of larval (or neonatal) and adult heavy chains is maintained throughout life in adults.
(7) In terms of their chemical structures as well as the potency and efficacy with which they alter acinar cell function, the amphibian peptides plus CCK-OP can be grouped into three pairs: caerulein with CCK-OP, bombesin with litorin, and physalaemin with eledoisin.
(8) The same membrane specialization was noted in a previous study of amphibian myoneural junctions, and it was proposed then that the granular elements represent ACh receptor molecules.
(9) In relation to the human class I enzyme, the amphibian protein has residue identities exactly halfway (68%) between those for the corresponding avian enzyme (74%) and the human class III enzyme (62%), suggesting an origin of the alcohol dehydrogenase classes very early in or close to the evolution of the vertebrate line.
(10) The four hosts (Mollusc -- Crustacean -- Odonat -- Amphibian) are obligatory in the life cycle for it is impossible to infect the Insects directly with the cecariae or the frog (tadpoles as well as adults) with the mesocercariae.
(11) Sections of Rat and Amphibian adrenocortical tissue fixed in a mixture of 1% formaldehyde and 0.25% glutaraldehyde, are incubated in a medium containing namely a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid (substrate), NAD, potassium ferricyanide (hydrogen acceptor) and copper sulfate.
(12) The results confirm observations that different amphibian species react in different ways to activating chemicals.
(13) The role of mitochondria has not yet been conclusively established, but is suggested by several lines of evidence, particularly in amphibian hearts.
(14) The subcellular responses of amphibian adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and thyrotropic (TSH) pituitary cells to the in vivo administration of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor was investigated.
(15) Using material on the evolution of the fundus of the oral cavity in amphibians, four principles were established for the origin of heterochronia: efficiency of ontogenesis; adaptability of an earlier (than in ancestors) beginning for functioning of traits; loss of the adaptive significance of a trait at a previous stage, but a preservation of it at a subsequent stage; and, a prolongation of the adaptive significance of a trait at later stages.
(16) While it is believed that the effect of ethanol on human renal water homeostasis is indirect, amphibian membrane experiments have demonstrated direct effects albeit at high concentrations.
(17) In the tetraploid amphibian Odontophrynus americanus the selective precipitation of vitellogenin by Mg2+ from plasma treated with ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or ethylene bis (oxyethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) is a pH-dependent phenomenon.
(18) The early amphibian embryo provides an attractive model for the in vivo analysis of cell interactions with extracellular matrix components.
(19) In this manner, the first terminal structures of three non-mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases were determined, demonstrating the presence of N-terminal acetylation in these piscine, amphibian, and avian enzymes.
(20) There is clearly an MHC in amphibians and birds with many characteristics like the MHC of mammals (a single genetic region encoding polymorphic class I and class II molecules) and evidence for polymorphic class I and class II molecules in reptiles.
Extinct
Definition:
(a.) Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano.
(a.) Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.
(v. t.) To cause to be extinct.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine.
(2) The effect upon ethanol responding was found not to resemble a pattern of extinction, but rather was best described as a general overall reduction in responding.
(3) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.
(4) We conclude that the procedure used in this study is a non-intrusive intervention that is an extension of the current literature pertaining to sensory extinction.
(5) After 40 programmed minutes of acquisition and 12 min of maintenance, without notice, both schedules changed to extinction for 28 min.
(6) This differential absorbance is linear with increasing concentrations of Na2MoO4 and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of molybdochelin at 425 nm (epsilon similar to 6,200).
(7) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(8) When reinforcement for competing behavior was withdrawn, however, rats resumed their original behavior and there were no overall savings in total responses to extinction.
(9) The relative amount of the crystals was measured in both amoeba strains on the basis of the integral extinction value.
(10) Chronic extinction of chain closed conditioned reflex in intact rabbits took five to six days.
(11) The amounts of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin could be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption if the apparent extinction coefficient of the material analyzed was established.
(12) In a number of neurones the extinction of reflexes either does not change the reaction to acetylcholine, or enhances it.
(13) In Experiment 3, following an unsignaled reinforcement delay, groups receiving either no event or signaled food in the context responded faster in extinction than groups receiving no context exposure or unsignaled food.
(14) The optical extinction decreases as the red cell agglutinates grow, giving a parametric estimate of the haemagglutination rate.
(15) By calculating for DNA standard solutions the value of the ratio between the extinction at 665 nm after 15 min to the extinction of 600 nm after 2 min of the orcinol reaction it is possible to increase specifiaty of the orcinol method for determination of the RNA content.
(16) To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals," said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
(17) Values obtained for thebuoyant density, isoelectric point, and extinction coefficient differed minimally; major differences were observed in the molecular weight and the characterisitc width of cylinders formed by in vitro-assembled T-layer of the wild-type and variant.
(18) The CS+ preference persisted for several weeks during extinction tests when both the CS+ and CS- were paired with IG water or with no infusions.
(19) The extinction coefficient at 550 nm for the oxidized enzyme is about 5300 (M subunit)-1 X cm-1.
(20) On this planet, extinction is the norm – of the 4 billion species ever thought to have evolved, 99% have become extinct.