(a.) Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; as, amphibian reptiles.
(n.) One of the Amphibia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Measurements of acetylcholine-induced single-channel conductance and null potentials at the amphibian motor end-plate in solutions containing Na, K, Li and Cs ions (Gage & Van Helden, 1979; J. Physiol.
(2) Representative specimens from two classes of Vertebrata Sub-Phyllum, Bufo paracnemis (amphibian) and Gallus domesticus (avian) were made anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment.
(3) The auditory function of the sacculus in amphibians is confirmed and special attention is paid to functional heterogeneity of the receptor epithelium in the saccular maculae.
(4) Both tympanic and nontympanic pathways of sound reception are utilized by anuran amphibians.
(5) Recent interest has focused on endogenous cardiac glycosides, some progesterone derivatives (pregnanes) and the amphibian bufodienolides.
(6) The neotenic urodelan amphibian species model represents actually the only model in which the coexistence of larval (or neonatal) and adult heavy chains is maintained throughout life in adults.
(7) In terms of their chemical structures as well as the potency and efficacy with which they alter acinar cell function, the amphibian peptides plus CCK-OP can be grouped into three pairs: caerulein with CCK-OP, bombesin with litorin, and physalaemin with eledoisin.
(8) The same membrane specialization was noted in a previous study of amphibian myoneural junctions, and it was proposed then that the granular elements represent ACh receptor molecules.
(9) In relation to the human class I enzyme, the amphibian protein has residue identities exactly halfway (68%) between those for the corresponding avian enzyme (74%) and the human class III enzyme (62%), suggesting an origin of the alcohol dehydrogenase classes very early in or close to the evolution of the vertebrate line.
(10) The four hosts (Mollusc -- Crustacean -- Odonat -- Amphibian) are obligatory in the life cycle for it is impossible to infect the Insects directly with the cecariae or the frog (tadpoles as well as adults) with the mesocercariae.
(11) Sections of Rat and Amphibian adrenocortical tissue fixed in a mixture of 1% formaldehyde and 0.25% glutaraldehyde, are incubated in a medium containing namely a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid (substrate), NAD, potassium ferricyanide (hydrogen acceptor) and copper sulfate.
(12) The results confirm observations that different amphibian species react in different ways to activating chemicals.
(13) The role of mitochondria has not yet been conclusively established, but is suggested by several lines of evidence, particularly in amphibian hearts.
(14) The subcellular responses of amphibian adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and thyrotropic (TSH) pituitary cells to the in vivo administration of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor was investigated.
(15) Using material on the evolution of the fundus of the oral cavity in amphibians, four principles were established for the origin of heterochronia: efficiency of ontogenesis; adaptability of an earlier (than in ancestors) beginning for functioning of traits; loss of the adaptive significance of a trait at a previous stage, but a preservation of it at a subsequent stage; and, a prolongation of the adaptive significance of a trait at later stages.
(16) While it is believed that the effect of ethanol on human renal water homeostasis is indirect, amphibian membrane experiments have demonstrated direct effects albeit at high concentrations.
(17) In the tetraploid amphibian Odontophrynus americanus the selective precipitation of vitellogenin by Mg2+ from plasma treated with ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or ethylene bis (oxyethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) is a pH-dependent phenomenon.
(18) The early amphibian embryo provides an attractive model for the in vivo analysis of cell interactions with extracellular matrix components.
(19) In this manner, the first terminal structures of three non-mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases were determined, demonstrating the presence of N-terminal acetylation in these piscine, amphibian, and avian enzymes.
(20) There is clearly an MHC in amphibians and birds with many characteristics like the MHC of mammals (a single genetic region encoding polymorphic class I and class II molecules) and evidence for polymorphic class I and class II molecules in reptiles.
Larva
Definition:
(n.) Any young insect from the time that it hatches from the egg until it becomes a pupa, or chrysalis. During this time it usually molts several times, and may change its form or color each time. The larvae of many insects are much like the adults in form and habits, but have no trace of wings, the rudimentary wings appearing only in the pupa stage. In other groups of insects the larvae are totally unlike the parents in structure and habits, and are called caterpillars, grubs, maggots, etc.
(n.) The early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape.
Example Sentences:
(1) Larvae from fresh water eggs, cultured in fresh water and 'normal' laboratory cultures reached 50% infectivity in 3-5 days, losing potential infectivity in 11-15 days post-hatching.
(2) After treatment of larvae of instar 1 at preimago stages about 77% of the insects died.
(3) A total of 3,532 females of various engorged weights was collected from all calves, resulting in a mean female tick yield of 1.78% based on the number of larvae used for all infestations.
(4) Similar concentrations of free ecdysteroids were recorded in adults and larvae, although the two life cycle stages differed in their ratio of ecdysone: 20-hydroxyecdysone.
(5) Larvae of both mutants also excrete 3H-3-hydroxykynurenine and 3H-kynurenine rapidly, which probably accounts for the normal levels of kynurenine during larval life.
(6) Guinea pigs exposed to 200 and 400 H. truncatum larvae elicited the greatest change in feeding efficiency during the fourth infestation.
(7) In cultures of medium ML-15 containing a feeder layer of Dog Sarcoma (DS) cells larvae successfully moulted and showed a small but significant increase in length.
(8) The test is based on the ability of larvae to freely migrate through selected mesh sizes of nylon sieves and the reduced ability of larvae to migrate after preincubation with, and in the presence of, substances that inhibit or reduce larval motility.
(9) This study provides evidence for a maternal yolk factor associated with increased tolerance and resistance of larvae to copper.
(10) Human activity not only increases risk, but influences control by killing mosquito larvae, killing adult mosquitos or preventing mosquitos from feeding.
(11) Infected ticks were reared from larvae feeding on each of 11 rabbits taken from the same site.
(12) Histopathology examination from the margin of the ulcerative area confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, which was infested secondarily with larvae of flies.
(13) Tolypocladium tundrense and T. terricola UV-irradiated conidia exhibited acute toxicity to Aedes aegypti larvae in concentrations of 5 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(6) ml-1, respectively.
(14) These products, as well as several synthetic intermediates, were evaluated for antifilarial activity against Molinema dessetae either in vivo in its natural host, the rodent Proechimys oris, or in vitro by a new test using cultures of the infective larvae.
(15) However, mosquitoes infected with more than 4 larvae became more active than uninfected mosquitoes 8 days after infection.
(16) Metabolism of carbaryl by the fat body is affected by the age of the larva, the pH of the incubation medium, and the concentration of magnesium chloride in the incubation medium.
(17) The mutant larvae are apparently normal, but they harbor serious defects in the organs containing proliferating cells of both somatic and germ line origins.
(18) Changes in haemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) concentrations of larvae of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, were used to estimate the activity of the corpora allata.
(19) Statistical analysis has shown the following: a) the growth inhibition, which is especially distinct in autumn-spring generation, takes place in the Ist instar larvae 1.76-2.20 mm long inhabiting the walls of the nasal cavity and concha (their average body length at hatching is 1.08 plus or minus 0.004 mm); the inhibition is associated with interpopulation relations and apparently does not depend on the date of its beginning and can last from 6 to 7 months; c) after the growth resumption the development continues uninterruptedly up to the moulting; the inhibition is also possible at the beginning of the 2nd instar and then the development proceeds without any intervals up to the complete maturation of larvae.
(20) It is present throughout development and is as abundant in embryos as in larvae and adult flies.